Problem	Approaches
Reduced clarity of vision.	Enlarge text
	Double space text
	Present text in small sections.
	Reduce distractions
	Limit tiredness
Colour vision and contrast sensitivity impairment	Bright and clear educational material and toys.
	Distinct color boundaries
	Good contrast
Lack of vision on one side	Tracing of text with a finger or ruler
	Turning text vertically or obliquely
	Appropriate seat position in classroom
	Turning of head to check the hemianopic side
	Careful guidance around new environments
	Training in crossing roads
	Turn plate to eat food
Lack of vision down below	As with hemianopia
	Regularly looking down to check the ground ahead
	Tactile guide to ground height
Impaired ability to move the eyes	Movement of the head
	Enlarging text
	Double spacing text
	Tracing of text with a finger or ruler
Impaired ability to see movement	Television programs with limited movement
	Educational material with limited movement
	Careful training or guidance in crossing roads.
Difficulty finding a toy in a toy box or an item of clothing in a pile or wardrobe	Separate storage of favorite items
	Organized storage systems
	Always store in same location
	Avoid clutter
	Colour coding and labels
Difficulty finding an object on a patterned background.	Use plain carpets, bedspreads and decoration.
Difficulty finding food on a plate	Avoid patterned plates
	Avoid sauces/gravy
	Separate food portions
Problems seeing a distant object	Use zoom on video/digital camera to view
Problems reading	Enlarge text
	Double space text
	Masking surrounding text
	Computer programs to present information
Difficulty finding someone in a group.	Wear obvious identifier
	Always stand in same location
	Waving
	Speak
Tendency to get lost	Training in seeking and identifying landmarks Visit new locations at quiet times
Problems with floor boundaries, steps, kerbs and uneven surfaces	Avoid patterned floor surfaces Bannister
	Mark edge of stairs
	Good lighting
	Tactile guides to gage the height of the ground
	Approach obstacles with
	“Look- Slow- Check- Go”
	Activities to improve coordination
Inaccurate visually guided reach	Reaching beyond an object to gather it
	Activities to improve coordination
	Occupational therapy
Difficulty ‘seeing’ when talking at the same time	Limit conversation when walking
	Identify obstacles by tactile stimulation
Frustration at being distracted	Limit distraction
	Minimize background clutter
	Minimize background activity
	Quiet table at school
Difficulty recognizing people and photographs	Introductions
	Training in identifying voices
	Consistent identifiers worn
	Training to recognize identifiers
Difficulty recognizing shapes and objects	Training to identify and recognize identifiers
	Training in tactile recognition
Difficulty reading facial expression	Training in recognizing facial expressions
	Expression of mood by tone of voice
	Explanation of mood in words
Getting lost in known places	Training in orientation.
	Encouraging leading
	Incorporating landmarks in Mnemonics/Poems
Difficulty in new environments	Training in orientation.
	Encourage exploration
	-Visit at quiet times
	- Hide and Seek
	- Treasure Hunts
Visual fatigue	Minimize clutter
Prolonged visual processing	Reduce distractions
	Reduce detail and complexity
	Well-earned breaks
Social problems	Good understanding and support at school
	Identify problems and solutions
	Encourage child to overcome them
	Well known informed peer group
	Find activities child enjoys and can excel in