Table 2.
Intent of and concurrent substances in benzodiazepine poisoning ED visits by adolescents and young adults by sex: United States, 2016
| Adolescents, 12–17 years | Young adults, 18–29 years | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | |
| No. (%)a | No. (%)a | No. (%)a | No. (%)a | |
| Recorded intent of BZD poisoning | ||||
| Intentional self-harm | 1,160 (35.0) | 2,090 (51.4)^ | 5,186 (32.5) | 8,525 (57.0)^ |
| Unintentional | 1,470 (44.3) | 1,254 (30.8)^ | 8,092 (50.6) | 4,668 (31.2)^ |
| Undetermined | 359 (10.8) | 264 (6.5)^ | 1,161 (7.3) | 767 (5.1)^ |
| Adverse effect | 327 (9.9) | 458 (11.3)^ | 1,539 (9.6) | 991 (6.6)^ |
| Concurrent substance b | ||||
| Any non-BZD poisoning or intoxication | 1,025 (30.9) | 1,409 (34.7) | 8,406 (52.6) | 8,014 (53.6) |
| Alcohol | 187 (5.6) | 172 (4.2) | 2,259 (14.1) | 2,023 (13.5) |
| Opioid (any)c | 304 (9.2) | 229 (5.6)^ | 3,694 (23.1) | 2,315 (15.5)^ |
| Cocaine, LSD, other hallucinogen | 91 (2.8) | 83 (2.0) | 1,000 (6.3) | 471 (3.1)^ |
| Cannabis | 258 (7.8) | 161 (4.0)^ | 1,117 (7.0) | 484 (3.2)^ |
| Psychostimulant | 61 (1.8) | 95 (2.3) | 856 (5.4) | 639 (4.3) |
| Psychotropic drug | ||||
| Sedative, hypnotic, antiepileptic | 64 (1.9) | 148 (3.7)^ | 644 (4.0) | 1,081 (7.2)^ |
| Antidepressant | 106 (3.2) | 319 (7.9)^ | 601 (3.8) | 1,379 (9.2)^ |
| Other psychotropic | 63 (1.9) | 154 (3.8)^ | 770 (4.8) | 1,027 (6.9)^ |
| Other drug, medicine, or biological substance | 333 (10.0) | 604 (14.9)^ | 1,329 (8.3) | 2,171 (14.5)^ |
BZD: benzodiazepine; ED: emergency department
Small cell count; numbers not presented
P-value comparing males and females <0.05
Presented numbers are weighted
Other psychoactive substance: adolescents (small cell counts); young adults (males=0.6%, females=0.6%); other nonmedical substance: adolescents (small cell counts), young adults (males=0.9%, females=0.7%)
Heroin, opium: adolescents (small cell counts), young adults (males=8.9%, females=4.5%); Unspecified/other narcotics: adolescents (small cell counts), young adults (males=3.8%, females=2.4%); Opioid other: adolescents (males=7.3%, females=4.0%), young adults (males=11.6%, females=9.2%)