Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of the study population.

Variable	All patients (%)
Age (years)	54.7 ± 9.80
Number of bladder stones
Single	62.1% (n = 54)
Multiple (≥ 2)	37.9% (n = 33)
Bladder stone size
Small (< 3 cm)	70.1% (n = 61)
Large (≥ 3 cm)	29.9% (n = 26)
Duration of presence of bladder stones
< 1 year	54.0% (n = 47)
≥ 1 year	46.0% (n = 40)
LUTS
Urinary frequency	74.7% (n = 65)
Difficulty urinating or pain or	71.3% (n = 62)
discomfort in the penis or
testicles
No symptoms	3.4% (n = 3)
Hematuria	41.4% (n = 36)
Urine white blood cells
< 3/Hp	21.8% (n = 19)
≥ 3/Hp	78.2% (n = 68)
Bladder stones alone	47.1% (n = 41)
Bladder stones combined with upper urinary tract stones	52.9% (n = 46)
Bladder stones with BPH	71.3% (n = 62)

Data presented as mean ± standard deviation or as frequency (percentage).

LUTS, lower urinary tract symptoms; Hp, High power microscopic field of view.