Table 3.
Associations between recent Incarceration* and social support at 12 months follow-up among the total sample and by baseline support level (N=1169)
| Outcome | Total sample | Among those with no support at baseline | Among those with support at baseline | Unadj (adj) p value† |
||||||
| N (%) with Outcome | RR (95% CI) | ARR (95% CI)‡ | N (%) with Outcome |
RR (95% CI) | ARR (95% CI)‡ | N (%) with Outcome | RR (95% CI) | ARR (95% CI)‡ | ||
| No one to talk and listen | ||||||||||
| No recent incarceration | 176 (17.5) | Referent | Referent | 98 (39.8) | Referent | Referent | 74 (10.1) | Referent | Referent | 0.15 (0.57) |
| Recent incarceration | 44 (26.7) | 1.66 (1.26 to 2.20) | 1.55 (1.13 to 2.13) | 26 (47.3) | 1.23 (0.91 to 1.66) | 1.31 (0.96 to 1.78) | 16 (15.4) | 1.81 (1.15 to 2.86) | 1.57 (0.90 to 2.74) | |
| No one to give advice | ||||||||||
| No recent incarceration | 162 (16.1) | Referent | Referent | 84 (38.0) | Referent | Referent | 76 (10.1) | Referent | Referent | 0.02 (0.13) |
| Recent incarceration | 46 (27.9) | 1.86 (1.42 to 2.45) | 1.73 (1.27 to 2.36) | 21 (43.8) | 1.26 (0.90 to 1.75) | 1.30 (0.91 to 1.86) | 23 (20.5) | 2.27 (1.53 to 3.36) | 2.02 (1.27 to 3.21) | |
| No one to provide emotional support | ||||||||||
| No recent incarceration | 207 (20.6) | Referent | Referent | 112 (42.4) | Referent | Referent | 89 (12.5) | Referent | Referent | 0.02 (0.13) |
| Recent incarceration | 52 (31.5) | 1.60 (1.25 to 2.05) | 1.50 (1.14 to 1.99) | 24 (45.3) | 1.15 (0.86 to 1.55) | 1.23 (0.91 to 1.66) | 26 (24.3) | 2.01 (1.39 to 2.90) | 1.83 (1.19 to 2.82) | |
| Not much contact with someone you feel close to | ||||||||||
| No recent incarceration | 224 (22.3) | Referent | Referent | 131 (43.1) | Referent | Referent | 86 (12.9) | Referent | Referent | 0.22 (0.56) |
| Recent incarceration | 51 (30.9) | 1.48 (1.15 to 1.91) | 1.42 (1.07 to 1.88) | 31 (49.2) | 1.18 (0.91 to 1.54) | 1.22 (0.92 to 1.61) | 17 (18.1) | 1.62 (1.03 to 2.57) | 1.44 (0.88 to 2.37) | |
| No one to give love and affection | ||||||||||
| No recent incarceration | 203 (20.2) | Referent | Referent | 103 (37.7) | Referent | Referent | 93 (13.3) | Referent | Referent | 0.22 (0.34) |
| Recent incarceration | 44 (26.7) | 1.39 (1.05 to 1.86) | 1.51 (1.11 to 2.04) | 22 (44.0) | 1.15 (0.82 to 1.61) | 1.30 (0.94 to 1.82) | 20 (18.7) | 1.58 (1.04 to 2.41) | 1.70 (1.07 to 2.70) | |
| No one to help with chores | ||||||||||
| No recent incarceration | 353 (35.2) | Referent | Referent | 232 (48.4) | Referent | Referent | 112 (22.5) | Referent | Referent | 0.44 (0.94) |
| Recent incarceration | 63 (38.2) | 1.15 (0.94 to 1.40) | 1.15 (0.92 to 1.44) | 40 (50.6) | 1.07 (0.86 to 1.33) | 1.15 (0.90 to 1.47) | 21 (26.2) | 1.27 (0.87 to 1.86) | 1.13 (0.74 to 1.72) | |
| Low social support§ | ||||||||||
| No recent incarceration | 107 (10.7) | Referent | Referent | 46 (31.1) | Referent | Referent | 58 (7.0) | Referent | Referent | 0.073 (0.336) |
| Recent incarceration | 31 (18.8) | 1.71 (1.19 to 2.45) | 1.80 (1.21 to 2.68) | 12 (40.0) | 1.14 (0.70 to 1.86) | 1.46 (0.93 to 2.29) | 17 (13.2) | 2.11 (1.30 to 3.42) | 2.07 (1.19 to 3.60) | |
*Recent incarceration defined as having been incarcerated within past 6 months.
†P value for difference in associations between those with and without support at baseline.
‡Adjusted beta is estimates obtained from models weighted using the inverse probability to treatment weight.
§Low social support defined as lacking all forms of support at 12 months compared with having at least one form of support at 12 months.
aRR, adjusted risk ratio; RR, risk ratio.