FIGURE 1.

Alterations of gut bacterial diversity and communities, based on 16S V3–V4 sequencing data from HwoA, HwA_ < 2Y, and HwA_ ≥ 2Y. (A) Alpha diversity estimated by richness (observed OTUs), Shannon diversity, and Pielou’s evenness. Letters indicate the grouping (p < 0.05) by Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum test with Benjamini–Hochberg corrections. (B) Venn diagram of OTUs shared by and exclusive to the three groups. Corresponding percentages are noted for relevant overlaps. (C) Differences in gut bacterial community structures among the groups, assessed by principal coordinate (PCo) analysis of Bray–Curtis distance (p < 0.001). OTUs, operational taxonomic units. *Average.