Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Features of Participants in the COPDMAP, AERIS, and BEAT-COPD Cohorts
| Features | COPDMAP |
AERIS | BEAT-COPD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leicester (N = 303) | London (N = 300) | Manchester (N = 180) | Southampton (N = 583) | Leicester (N = 340) | |
| Number of patients | 100 | 128 | 94 | 101 | 87 |
| Number of visits per patients* | 3.0 (1–9) | 2.3 (1–8) | 1.9 (1–5) | 5.8 (1–13) | 3.9 (2–9) |
| Number of exacerbation visits per patients* | 1.6 (1–5) | 2.0 (1–6) | 1.2 (1–3) | 2.1 (1–6) | 1.6 (1–4) |
| Age†‡ | 68.7 ± 7.6 | 71.1 ± 8.6 | 66.3 ± 6.5 | 67.1 ± 8.4 | 67.7 ± 9.0 |
| Sex, Fठ| 24 (24.0) | 41 (32.0) | 26 (27.7) | 42 (41.6) | 22 (25.3) |
| BMI‡ | 27.8 ± 5.0 | 26.7 ± 5.7 | 26.9 ± 5.1 | 27.6 ± 5.4 | 26.4 ± 4.6 |
| Current smokers‡ | 74 (74.0) | 89 (69.5) | 54 (57.4) | 40 (39.6) | 37 (42.5) |
| GOLD status, I/II/III/IV‡ | 9/62/33/11 | 8/51/32/8 | 15/40/29/10 | 0/45/40/16 | 1/35/32/19 |
| FEV1, L | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.5 |
| FEV1% predicted | 49.2 ± 16.3 | 48.7 ± 21.6 | 51.0 ± 20.4 | 46.7 ± 25.3 | 44.9 ± 18.7 |
| FVC, L | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.8 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.1 |
| Questionnaire, CAT or CRQ | 21.9 ± 6.8ǁ | 19.9 ± 7.8ǁ | 21.1 ± 8.0ǁ | 16.6 ± 10.0ǁ | 14.9 ± 5.0¶ |
| Sputum neutrophils, % | 69.5 ± 24.9 | 66.8 ± 14.0 | 72.0 ± 16.0 | 50.0 ± 36.7 | 73.0 ± 22.6 |
| Sputum eosinophils, % | 2.2 ± 4.0 | 2.7 ± 4.4 | 3.1 ± 3.3 | 3.4 ± 7.7 | 3.6 ± 7.8 |
| Sputum lymphocytes, % | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.8 | 0.5 ± 0.8 |
| Sputum macrophages, % | 17.7 ± 18.7 | 24.4 ± 19.2 | 13.4 ± 15.0 | 19.5 ± 18.9 | 19.8 ± 18.2 |
| Sputum epithelial cells, % | 4.9 ± 6.6 | 1.3 ± 2.8 | 3.6 ± 4.4 | 3.9 ± 5.5 | 3.1 ± 6.1 |
| Blood neutrophils, 109 cells/L | 5.3 ± 2.1 | 5.9 ± 2.5 | 4.8 ± 1.7 | 4.8 ± 1.7 | 6.2 ± 2.5 |
| Blood eosinophils, 109 cells/L | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.2 |
| Blood lymphocytes, 109 cells/L | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 1.0 |
| Blood monocytes, 109 cells/L | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.2 |
| Blood basophils, 109 cells/L) | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 |
| Community type, Ba/Hi/Mc/Sp, %** | 75/14/7/4 | 74/13/6/7 | 72/17/7/4 | 63/21/7/9 | 59/17/9/15 |
| Inflammatory group, Neu/Eos/Mix/Pau, %** | 57/10/13/20 | 51/12/20/17 | 49/18/23/10 | 34/20/12/34 | 61/11/13/15 |
| Bacterial infection during exacerbations†† | 37 (45.1) | 54 (32.0) | 15 (51.7) | 79 (49.4) | 51 (45.5) |
| Viral infection during exacerbations†† | 14 (17.0) | 32 (18.9) | 5 (17.2) | 27 (16.8) | 30 (26.8) |
| ICS usage at enrolment‡‡ | 90 (90.0) | 102 (80.0) | 74 (78.7) | 94 (93.1) | 67 (77.0) |
| Macrolide usage at stability‡‡ | 4 (4.0) | 2 (1.6) | 1 (1.1) | 6 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Number of spontaneous sputum samples | 291 (96.0) | 296 (98.7) | 169 (93.9) | 443 (76.0) | 329 (96.8) |
Definition of abbreviations: AERIS = Acute Exacerbation and Respiratory Infections in COPD; Ba = balanced; BEAT-COPD = Biomarkers to Target Antibiotic and Systemic COPD; BMI = body mass index; CAT = COPD Assessment Test; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COPDMAP = COPD Medical Research Council/Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry; CRQ = Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire; Eos = eosinophilic; GOLD = Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; Hi = Haemophilus-predominant; ICS = inhaled corticosteroid; Mc = Moraxella-predominant; Mix = mixed-granulocytic; Neu = neutrophilic; Pau = paucigranulocytic; Sp = Streptococcus-predominant.
Presented as mean (range).
Continuous data are presented as the mean ± SD unless otherwise stated.
Patient demographic data at baseline.
Categorical data are presented as the number (proportion) unless otherwise stated.
CAT score.
CRQ score.
Percentage proportion of samples in each subgroup.
Bacterial and viral infections at exacerbations were defined according to Bafadhel and colleagues (26).
Number of patients.