Table 2.
Characteristics and Comorbidities in Patients With CIS and Stroke‐Free Controls Stratified By Age (Dichotomized at a Median of 41 y)
| Clinical Variables (No. With Missing Data) | Younger Participants | Older Participants | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients (n=69) | Controls (n=69) | Patients (n=67) | Controls (n=67) | |
| Low level of education (3) | 36 (52.2) | 29 (42.0) | 32 (48.5) | 19 (28.8)* |
| Hypertension | 12 (17.4) | 13 (18.8) | 29 (43.3) | 20 (29.9) |
| Dyslipidemia | 34 (49.3) | 31 (44.9) | 41 (61.2) | 47 (70.1) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 3 (4.5) | 4 (6.0) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 0 0) |
| Current smoking | 17 (24.6) | 15 (21.7) | 25 (37.3) | 11 (16.4)* |
| Heavy alcohol use | 22 (31.9) | 12 (17.4)* | 11 (16.4) | 9 (13.4) |
| Physical activity, 1000 MET per wk | 3.5 (1.7–4.8) | 2.6 (1.6–3.9) | 3.3 (1.4–4.3) | 2.9 (1.7–4.3) |
| Obesity | 28 (40.6) | 19 (27.5) | 48 (71.6) | 38 (56.7) |
| Diet score (10) | 25.3 (5.4) | 27.3 (4.5)* | 24.6 (5.0) | 26.7 (4.6)† |
| Prestroke medication | ||||
| Antihypertensive | 3 (4.3) | NA | 12 (17.9) | NA |
| Statin | 0 (0) | NA | 4 (6.0) | NA |
| Medication at study visit | ||||
| Antihypertensive | 21 (30.4) | 4 (5.8)† | 43 (64.2)† | 6 (9.0) |
| Statin | 47 (68.1) | 2 (2.9)† | 64 (95.5)† | 8 (11.9) |
| Admission laboratory assessment | ||||
| CRP, mg/L | 1.5 (1.5–3.0) | NA | 1.5 (1.5–3.0) | NA |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 105 (18) | NA | 99 (14) | NA |
| LDL‐C, mmol/L | 2.9 (0.9) | NA | 3.2 (1.0) | NA |
| HDL‐C, mmol/L (1) | 1.4 (0.4) | NA | 1.3 (0.3) | NA |
| Total cholesterol/HDL‐C ratio | 3.6 (1.1) | NA | 4.1 (1.3) | NA |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.2 (0.7) | NA | 1.6 (1.5) | NA |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 34 (32–36) | NA | 35 (33–38) | NA |
| Study visit laboratory assessment | ||||
| hs‐CRP, mg/L | 0.9 (0.4–3.2) | 0.7 (0.3–2.1) | 0.9 (0.4–3.9) | 0.9 (0.5–2.4) |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 67 (64–72) | 67 (64–71) | 64 (62–70) | 65 (60–67) |
| LDL‐C, mmol/L | 2.4 (0.8) | 2.8 (1.0)* | 2.2 (0.7) | 3.3 (0.8)† |
| HDL‐C, mmol/L | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.4)† |
| Total cholesterol/HDL‐C ratio | 3.4 (0.8) | 3.5 (1.1) | 3.5 (0.7) | 4.0 (1.0)† |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.4 (0.7) | 1.3 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.7 (1.2) |
| GA (1), nmol/mL | 86.9 (31.8) | 92.3 (24.4) | 88.8 (26.3) | 103.9 (35.2)† |
Data are expressed as number (percentage), median (interquartile range), or mean (SD).
CIS indicates cryptogenic ischemic stroke; CRP, C‐reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GA, glycated albumin; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs‐CRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; MET, metabolic equivalent; and NA, not available.
*
P<0.05.
†
P<0.01.