Figure 4. Forest plot showing pooled estimates of demographic and electrocardiographic factors as potential predictors of permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation in patients undergoing TAVR using random effects model (REM) and fixed effects model (FEM).

The dotted black line indicates null line (odds ratio of 1), to the right of null line indicates increased odds of PPM implantation. For each predictor the number of studies is in the parenthesis, the blue line indicates confidence interval, and the diamond red box signifies the point estimate. Lnor indicates natural log of odds ratio; lnlci, natural log of lower confidence interval; lnuci, natural log of uppper confidence interval.