Table 3.
Categories of Out‐of‐Pocket Healthcare Costs of Care for Families With 1 or More Members With HF, From the MEPS 2014 to 2018
| Characteristic | Premiums, $ (95% CI) | Inpatient, $ (95% CI) | Outpatient, $ (95% CI) | Medication, $ (95% CI) | Emergency, $ (95% CI) | Other, $ (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 1614 (1346–1882) | 185 (93–278) | 584 (453–715) | 1078 (896–1262) | 39 (24–54) | 922 (601–1244) |
| Age, y | ||||||
| 18–64 | 1594 (1201–1987) | 115 (41–189) | 447 (289–604) | 939 (659–1219) | 42 (18–67) | 318 (213–423) |
| ≥ 65 | 1623 (1274–1971) | 215 (88–342) | 641 (480–803) | 1137 (906–1367) | 38 (19–56) | 1175 (720–1629) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 1937 (1489–2385) | 279 (112–447) | 661 (479–842) | 1169 (858–1480) | 44 (25–63) | 1236 (642–1830) |
| Female | 1277 (993–1561) | 87 (40–135) | 504 (332–676) | 985 (804–1165) | 33 (11–56) | 595 (406–785) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non‐Hispanic White | 1680 (1340–2020) | 203 (83–323) | 667 (494–840) | 1229 (992–1466) | 41 (23–60) | 1111 (676–1545) |
| Non‐Hispanic Black | 1326 (881–1771) | 53 (23–84) | 264 (178–349) | 652 (485–818) | 21 (10–31) | 285 (122–449) |
| Hispanic | 1333 (823–1843) | 395 (−20 to 811) | 604 (246–963) | 727 (348–1106) | 27 (5–48) | 639 (225–1053) |
| Other† | 1837 (722–2952) | 95 (−11 to 202) | 338 (169–508) | 624 (280–968) | 66 (−16 to 148) | 470 (210–731) |
| Family income | ||||||
| Low income | 558 (378–739) | 91 (39–144) | 315 (205–425) | 775 (402–1147) | 21 (7–36) | 938 (286–1590) |
| Middle/high income | 2238 (1843–2632) | 241 (101–381) | 743 (557–929) | 1258 (984–1532) | 49 (27–71) | 913 (686–1140) |
| Education level | ||||||
| Less than high school | 1017 (455–1580) | 121 (−5 to 247) | 474 (205–742) | 1133 (397–1868) | 26 (10–42) | 428 (181–674) |
| High school/graduate equivalency degree & equivalent | 1367 (1049–1685) | 126 (64–187) | 447 (312–583) | 1144 (762–1526) | 58 (26–90) | 529 (275–784) |
| Some college or higher | 2077 (1532–2622) | 232 (50–414) | 766 (515–1017) | 997 (789–1204) | 22 (9–35) | 1288 (582–1994) |
| Insurance type | ||||||
| Private | 2594 (2148–3041) | 235 (65–405) | 755 (533–977) | 1373 (1038–1707) | 48 (22–74) | 1069 (462–1675) |
| Public | 577 (369–785) | 107 (55–160) | 411 (299–523) | 771 (551–991) | 29 (15–42) | 771 (438–1104) |
| Uninsured | 1710 (53–3368) | 1003 (−144 to 2150) | 328 (143–514) | 997 (479–1514) | 65 (−22 to 152) | 816 (124–1507) |
| Census region | ||||||
| Northeast | 1786 (1174–2398) | 319 (−42 to 679) | 347 (195–500) | 1128 (322–1934) | 52 (11–93) | 334 (156–512) |
| Midwest | 1733 (1317–2149) | 159 (54–264) | 610 (369–851) | 1140 (866–1413) | 34 (12–56) | 1064 (589–1538) |
| South | 1522 (1034–2010) | 150 (5–295) | 664 (435–893) | 1118 (901–1335) | 41 (15–66) | 900 (320–1479) |
| West | 1463 (876–2051) | 202 (7–398) | 543 (201–886) | 781 (357–1205) | 28 (−6 to 61) | 1334 (235–2433) |
| Hypertension | ||||||
| No hypertension | 1858 (1099–2617) | 157 (62–252) | 729 (455–1003) | 1365 (703–2027) | 22 (4–39) | 608 (369–848) |
| Hypertension | 1582 (1294–1870) | 189 (88–290) | 565 (424–705) | 1041 (804–1278) | 41 (24–58) | 964 (601–1327) |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||
| No diabetes mellitus | 1319 (1041–1596) | 204 (51–357) | 570 (379–761) | 894 (713–1074) | 35 (17–52) | 820 (500–1139) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1964 (1472–2456) | 163 (77–249) | 601 (451–750) | 1298 (943–1652) | 43 (18–69) | 1044 (454–1633) |
| Dyslipidemia | ||||||
| No dyslipidemia | 1672 (1223–2121) | 106 (51–161) | 539 (315–763) | 870 (487–1254) | 29 (7–51) | 916 (254–1578) |
| Dyslipidemia | 1597 (1277–1917) | 208 (91–326) | 597 (443–751) | 1139 (864–1414) | 42 (23–60) | 924 (560–1288) |
| Smoker* | ||||||
| Nonsmoker | 1693 (1364–2022) | 240 (109–370) | 622 (457–787) | 1167 (919–1415) | 37 (23–52) | 873 (557–1189) |
| Current smoker | 828 (210–1446) | 27 (1–53) | 285 (93–478) | 898 (435–1360) | 38 (−8 to 84) | 189 (24–354) |
| Obesity* | ||||||
| No obesity | 1905 (1563–2246) | 227 (35–419) | 526 (400–653) | 1000 (638–1363) | 44 (20–67) | 1068 (496–1840) |
| Obesity | 1464 (939–1990) | 85 (46–124) | 561 (334–788) | 1178 (814–1542) | 24 (9–40) | 761 (492–1031) |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| Sufficient | 1634 (1247–2021) | 184 (61–308) | 546 (330–761) | 849 (579–1119) | 48 (19–78) | 697 (489–904) |
| Insufficient | 1608 (1276–1940) | 186 (77–295) | 597 (444–749) | 1156 (941–1371) | 35 (18–52) | 998 (603–1393) |
| Cardiovascular risk factor profile | ||||||
| Optima | 2110 (1226–2994) | 135 (29–241) | 543 (226–861) | 1172 (302–2042) | 16 (−5 to 36) | 688 (360–1016) |
| Average | 1479 (1196–1763) | 270 (77–462) | 604 (425–783) | 775 (630–920) | 39 (19–60) | 858 (483–1234) |
| Poor | 1662 (1208–2115) | 118 (51–185) | 572 (382–762) | 1333 (942–1724) | 41 (18–65) | 1013 (465–1560) |
| ASCVD | ||||||
| No ASCVD | 1626 (1193–2059) | 171 (50–292) | 607 (337–877) | 996 (637–1355) | 34 (12–57) | 1146 (236–2056) |
| ASCVD | 1610 (1280–1940) | 191 (76–305) | 576 (432–720) | 1108 (844–1372) | 40 (22–59) | 843 (554–1133) |
| Arthritis | ||||||
| No arthritis | 1991 (1316–2666) | 127 (47–207) | 605 (356–855) | 965 (700–1229) | 28 (14–42) | 1184 (508–1861) |
| Arthritis | 1461 (1218–1704) | 209 (84–334) | 575 (427–723) | 1125 (896–1354) | 43 (23–64) | 816 (490–1142) |
| Cancer | ||||||
| No cancer | 1688 (1329–2046) | 139 (74–204) | 574 (401–748) | 994 (750–1238) | 40 (20–60) | 995 (555–1435) |
| Cancer | 1462 (1098–1825) | 282 (44–520) | 604 (436–772) | 1254 (1021–1487) | 35 (14–56) | 771 (383–1159) |
| Asthma | ||||||
| No asthma | 1749 (1436–2063) | 226 (109–344) | 649 (493–805) | 1112 (867–1356) | 43 (24–61) | 1105 (700–1510) |
| Asthma | 1130 (691–1568) | 39 (15–63) | 350 (228–473) | 961 (750–1171) | 24 (8–40) | 268 (141–395) |
| COPD | ||||||
| No COPD | 1801 (1449–2152) | 171 (76–266) | 662 (487–838) | 919 (753–1085) | 40 (23–56) | 1172 (711–1634) |
| COPD | 1236 (860–1613) | 216 (20–411) | 425 (295–555) | 1404 (1007–1800) | 37 (7–67) | 415 (245–586) |
| Hepatitis | ||||||
| No hepatitis | 1619 (1350–1888) | 186 (93–279) | 585 (454–717) | 1082 (898–1265) | 39 (24–54) | 925 (603–1248) |
| Hepatitis | NA | NA | 185 (−35 to 404) | 70 (−11 to 151) | NA | 93 (−18 to 204) |
| CKD | ||||||
| No CKD | 1553 (1248–1858) | 153 (78–229) | 610 (430–791) | 932 (746–1117) | 45 (22–68) | 1092 (596–1589) |
| CKD | 1686 (1234–2138) | 223 (51–395) | 553 (391–715) | 1251 (845–1658) | 31 (13–49) | 723 (397–1049) |
ASCVD indicates atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF, heart failure; MEPS, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey; and NA, not applicable.
*
2017 year does not have data on obesity, and 2018 year does not have data on smoking status.
†
Other includes Asian, American Indian, and those of multiple racial origins.