Table 3.
Baseline Characteristics in CEM‐Matched and PSM‐Matched Cohorts
| Parameter | CEM | PSM, 1:2 Matching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
EE (n=100) |
CE (n=225) |
P Value |
EE (n=132) |
CE (n=259) |
P Value | |
| Age, y | 35±14.5 | 34.5±13.5 | >0.1 | 35±14.8 | 35.1±14.2 | >0.1 |
| Male | 41 (41) | 110 (48.9) | >0.1 | 55 (41.7) | 113 (43.6) | >0.1 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.3±4.3 | 25.6±6.2 | >0.1 | 24.5±4.5 | 25.4±5.7 | >0.1 |
| Complexity | ||||||
| Simple | 13 (13) | 20 (8.9) | >0.1 | 23 (17.4) | 49 (18.9) | >0.1 |
| Moderate | 82 (82) | 198 (88) | 90 (68.2) | 175 (67.6) | ||
| Great | 5 (5) | 7 (3.1) | 19 (14.4) | 35 (13.5) | ||
| NYHA class | ||||||
| I/II | 94 (94) | 216 (96) | >0.1 | 121 (91.7) | 237 (91.5) | >0.1 |
| III/IV | 6 (6) | 9 (4) | 11 (8.3) | 22 (8.5) | ||
| Systemic ventricular function | ||||||
| Normal | 96 (96) | 214 (95.1) | >0.1 | 125 (94.7) | 250 (96.5) | >0.1 |
| Mildly impaired | 2 (2) | 1 (0.4) | 4 (3) | 5 (1.9) | ||
| Moderately impaired impaired | 2 (2) | 10 (4.4) | 3 (2.3) | 4 (1.5) | ||
| Severely impaired | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Pulmonary hypertension, n (%) | 23 (23) | 38 (16.9) | >0.1 | 28 (21.2) | 52 (20.1) | >0.1 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 138±14 | 142±15 | 0.09 | 139±14.4 | 140±13.5 | >0.1 |
| eGFR, mL/min | 98 (61–164) | 102 (41–175) | >0.1 | 99 (49–165) | 103 (21–228) | 0.08 |
| Redo sternotomy | 38 (38) | 110 (48.9) | 0.09 | 54 (40.9) | 120 (46.3) | >0.1 |
| Procedure duration, h | 4.6 (2.4–8.2) | 4.7 (2.3–7.9) | >0.1 | 4.6 (2.4–8.2) | 4.6 (2.3–10.8) | >0.1 |
| Elective surgery | 97 (97) | 223 (99.1) | >0.1 | 128 (97) | 253 (97.7) | >0.1 |
Data are presented as number (percentage), mean±SD, or median (range). BMI indicates body mass index; CE, conventional extubation; CEM, coarsened exact matching; EE, early extubation; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NYHA, New York Heart Association; and PSM, propensity score matching.