Table 4.
Early Postoperative Outcomes in the CEM‐Matched Cohort
| Parameter |
Early Extubation (n=100) |
Conventional Extubation (n=225) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. catecholamines required on theater exit | |||
| 0 | 47 (47) | 67 (30) | 0.001* |
| 1 | 40 (40) | 81 (36) | |
| 2 | 13 (13) | 71 (32) | |
| 3 | 0 (0) | 5 (2) | |
| Average VIS, units | |||
| Day 0 | 1 (0–20) | 3 (0–28) | <0.0001* |
| Day 1 | 0 (0–9) | 0 (0–38) | <0.0001* |
| Maximum VIS, units | |||
| Day 0 | 2 (0–31) | 5 (0–54) | <0.0001* |
| Day 1 | 0 (0–12) | 0 (0–90) | <0.0001* |
| Any catecholamine required >48 h | 4 (4) | 29 (12.9) | 0.02* |
| Net fluid balance, mL | |||
| Day 0 | 1446±907 | 2097±1069 | <0.0001* |
| Day 1 | 191±1010 | 239±949 | >0.1 |
| Overall postoperative ward | 1592±1543 | 2226±1692 | 0.001* |
| Cellsave during operation, mL | 464±208 | 421±235 | >0.1 |
| Blood transfusion requirement | 13 (13) | 45 (20) | >0.1 |
| Coagulation factor requirement | 9 (9) | 51 (22.7) | 0.006* |
| Postoperative length of stay | |||
| ICU, h | 21 (1–51) | 23 (5–1032) | 0.0001* |
| HDU, h | 26.5 (3–169) | 27 (5–196) | >0.1 |
| Higher level care (ICU plus HDU), h | 48 (23–191) | 50 (26–1228) | 0.0002* |
| Total postoperative, d | 6 (3–32) | 7 (3–194) | 0.09 |
| ICU cost, £ | 2449 (117–5948) | 2682 (583–120354) | <0.0001* |
| HDU cost, £ | 1405 (159–8957) | 1431 (265–10389) | >0.1 |
| Higher level care cost (ICU plus HDU), £ | 3949 (1283–11523) | 4166 (1951–130743) | <0.0001* |
| Major complications | 7 (7) | 35 (15.6) | 0.05 |
Data are presented as number (percentage), mean±SD, or median (range). CEM indicates coarsened exact matching; HDU, high dependency unit; ICU, intensive care unit; and VIS, vasoactive‐inotropic score.
*
Indicates statistical significance (P<0.05).