Table 1.

Baseline Clinical Characteristics and Procedural Parameters of the Overall Study Population

Variables	Paroxysmal AF Patients Without Comorbidity (N=692)	Paroxysmal AF Patients With Comorbidity (N=941)	P Value
Demographics and clinical characteristics
Age	57.4±9.9	63.3±9.8	<0.001
Male	480 (69.4)	617 (65.6)	0.11
Body mass index	22.9±1.5	33.5±6.0	<0.001
Duration of AF, mo	54.3±33.1	43.7±64.4	<0.001
Left atrial size, cm	3.88±0.41	4.34±0.67	<0.001
Left ventricular ejection fraction, %	61.2±7.0	57.3±10.8	<0.001
Dyslipidemia	293 (42.3)	473 (50.3)	0.002
Diabetes mellitus	0 (0.0)	344 (36.6)	<0.001
Hypertension	262 (37.9)	831 (88.3)	<0.001
Heart failure	0 (0.0)	183 (19.4)	<0.001
History of transient ischemic attack or stroke	9 (1.3)	37 (3.9)	0.001
Coronary artery disease	0 (0.0)	184 (19.6)	<0.001
Sleep apnea	27 (3.9)	185 (19.7)	<0.001
Procedural parameters
Flouroscopy time	30.1±21.1	39.21±19.43	<0.001
Radiofrequency time	43.4±23.8	43.89±20.26	0.66
Procedure time	117.4±36.8	124.44±38.65	<0.001
Electrical cardioversion	83 (12.0)	118 (12.5)	0.74
Peri‐procedural medications
ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers	131 (18.9)	496 (52.7)	<0.001
β‐blockers	268 (38.7)	640 (68.0)	<0.001
Lipid lowering drugs	291 (42.1)	512 (54.4)	<0.001
Aspirin	81 (11.7)	169 (18.0)	<0.001

ACE indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme; AF, atrial fibrillation.