Table 4.
Change in CVH Status, and Association With Subsequent Incident Cardiovascular Disease and All‐Cause Mortality
| Change in CVH Status | Cardiovascular Disease | All‐Cause Mortality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N/Total N | Incidence Rate per 1000 Person‐Years (95% CI) | ARD per 1000 Person‐Years (95% CI) | Adjusted sHR (95% CI)* | N/Total N | Incidence Rate per 1000 Person‐Years (95% CI) | ARD per 1000 Person‐Years (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI)†\ | |
| Elderly, 60–74 y | 5980/92 470 | 6099/92 470 | ||||||
| Consistently low | 1914/22 258 | 18.0 (17.2‐18.8) | Ref | 1 [Reference] | 1607/22 258 | 14.5 (13.8‐15.2) | Ref | 1 [Reference] |
| Low to moderate | 1008/14 680 | 14.8 (13.9‐15.8) | −3.2 (−4.4 to −1.9) | 0.81 (0.75‐0.88)‡ | 1020/14 680 | 14.6 (13.7‐15.5) | ‐0.1 (−1.1 to 1.2) | 1.00 (0.92‐1.08) |
| Low to high | 29/720 | 9.2 (6.1‐13.2) | −8.8 (−13.5 to −4.1) | 0.51 (0.35‐0.73)‡ | 39/720 | 12.1 (8.6‐16.6) | ‐2.4 (−6.6 to 1.8) | 0.86 (0.63‐1.18) |
| Moderate to low | 862/11 556 | 15.3 (14.3‐16.3) | −2.7 (−4.0 to −1.4) | 0.84 (0.77‐0.91)‡ | 830/11 556 | 14.2 (13.‐15.2) | ‐0.3 (−1.5 to 0.9) | 0.95 (0.87‐1.03) |
| Consistently moderate | 1845/33 115 | 11.9 (11.3‐12.4) | −6.1 (−7.0 to −5.2) | 0.66 (0.61‐0.70)‡ | 2089/33 115 | 13.1 (12.6‐13.7) | ‐1.4 (−2.3 to −0.5) | 0.91 (0.85‐0.97)‡ |
| Moderate to high | 160/4755 | 7.7 (6.6‐9.0) | −10.3 (−12.2 to −8.4) | 0.43 (0.37‐0.51)‡ | 256/4755 | 12.2 (10.7‐13.8) | ‐2.3 (−4.1 to −0.6) | 0.88 (0.77‐1.01) |
| High to low | 10/354 | 5.8 (2.8‐10.6) | −12.2 (−18.5 to −5.9) | 0.32 (0.17‐0.59)‡ | 16/354 | 9.1 (5.2‐14.8) | ‐5.4 (−11.1 to 0.2) | 0.59 (0.36‐0.96) |
| High to moderate | 113/3288 | 7.5 (6.2‐9.0) | −10.5 (−12.7 to −8.3) | 0.42 (0.35‐0.51)‡ | 188/3288 | 12.3 (10.6‐14.2) | ‐2.2 (−4.2 to −0.1) | 0.87 (0.75‐1.02) |
| Consistently high | 39/1744 | 5.5 (3.9‐7.6) | −12.5 (−15.6 to −9.3) | 0.32 (0.23‐0.44)‡ | 54/1744 | 7.5 (5.7‐9.8) | ‐6.9 (−9.8 to −4.1) | 0.58 (0.44‐0.76)‡ |
| Very elderly, ≥75 y | 1765/16 961 | 2831/16 961 | ||||||
| Consistently low | 463/3651 | 30.1 (27.4‐33.0) | Ref | 1 [Reference] | 637/3651 | 39.5 (36.5‐42.7) | Ref | 1 [Reference] |
| Low to moderate | 269/2651 | 24.9 (22.1‐28.1) | −5.2 (−9.3 to −1.0) | 0.80 (0.69‐0.93)‡ | 441/2651 | 39.3 (35.7‐43.2) | ‐0.2 (−4.9 to 4.6) | 0.96 (0.84‐1.08) |
| Low to high | 9/136 | 17.0 (7.8‐32.3) | −13.1 (−28.0 to 1.8) | 0.54 (0.28‐1.05) | 23/136 | 42.3 (26.9‐63.6) | 2.9 (−14.1 to 19.9) | 1.04 (0.68‐1.58) |
| Moderate to low | 231/2004 | 27.7 (24.3‐31.5) | −2.4 (−6.9 to 2.2) | 0.89 (0.76‐1.05) | 350/2004 | 40.0 (35.9‐44.4) | 0.5 (−4.7 to 5.7) | 0.95 (0.84‐1.09) |
| Consistently moderate | 680/6645 | 25.3 (23.4‐27.3) | −4.8 (−8.1 to −1.6) | 0.81 (0.72‐0.91)‡ | 1141/6645 | 40.8 (38.5‐43.3) | 1.4 (−2.5 to 5.3) | 0.97 (0.88‐1.07) |
| Moderate to high | 53/953 | 14.6 (10.9‐19.1) | −15.5 (−21.5 to −9.6) | 0.47 (0.35‐0.62)‡ | 123/953 | 33.1 (27.5‐39.5) | ‐6.3 (−13.3 to 0.6) | 0.81 (0.66‐0.98) |
| High to low | 3/86 | 8.5 (1.8‐24.9) | −21.6 (−39.8 to −3.4) | 0.27 (0.09‐0.81) | 13/86 | 36.6 (19.5‐62.6) | ‐2.8 (−23.7 to 18.0) | 0.79 (0.46‐1.37) |
| High to moderate | 45/584 | 20.8 (15.2‐27.9) | −9.3 (−17.0 to −1.6) | 0.66 (0.49‐0.91)‡ | 78/584 | 35.1 (27.8‐43.9) | ‐4.3 (−13.1 to 4.4) | 0.81 (0.64‐1.02) |
| Consistently high | 12/251 | 13.0 (6.7‐22.7) | −17.1 (−28.5 to −5.8) | 0.41 (0.23‐0.73)‡ | 25/251 | 26.7 (17.3‐39.5) | ‐12.7 (−25.7 to 0.3) | 0.60 (0.40‐0.90) |
ARD indicates absolute rate difference; CVH, cardiovascular health; HR, hazard ratio; Ref, reference; and sHR, subhazard ratio.
*
Cardiovascular disease was adjusted for sex, age, economic status, Hospital Frailty Score, living in metropolitan cities, and competing risk of death.
†
All‐cause mortality was adjusted for sex, age, economic status, Hospital Frailty Score, and living in metropolitan cities.
‡
P<0.0083 for differences reported.