Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Admissions With AMI and CA Stratified by Race/Ethnicity
| Characteristic |
White (N=136 698) |
Black (N=19 468) |
Others* (N=26 584) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 66.8±12.9 | 63.9±13.5 | 64.9±13.4 | <0.001 |
| Female sex | 31.6 | 43.6 | 31.7 | <0.001 |
| Primary payer | ||||
| Medicare | 56.4 | 53.4 | 46.7 | <0.001 |
| Medicaid | 7.1 | 15.0 | 15.2 | |
| Private | 27.7 | 20.2 | 25.0 | |
| Others† | 8.8 | 11.4 | 13.1 | |
| Quartile of median household income for zip code | ||||
| 0–25th | 26.0 | 53.0 | 32.2 | <0.001 |
| 26th–50th | 28.0 | 22.3 | 22.6 | |
| 51st–75th | 25.3 | 15.1 | 23.6 | |
| 75th–100th | 20.7 | 9.5 | 21.6 | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | ||||
| 0–3 | 40.9 | 39.3 | 40.9 | <0.001 |
| 4–6 | 40.0 | 36.5 | 38.3 | |
| ≥7 | 19.1 | 24.2 | 20.8 | |
| Hospital teaching status and location | ||||
| Rural | 6.9 | 4.0 | 2.8 | <0.001 |
| Urban nonteaching | 32.2 | 22.5 | 32.6 | |
| Urban teaching | 60.9 | 73.5 | 64.6 | |
| Hospital bed‐size | ||||
| Small | 12.0 | 11.4 | 12.1 | <0.001 |
| Medium | 28.5 | 29.9 | 28.5 | |
| Large | 59.4 | 58.7 | 59.5 | |
| Hospital region | ||||
| Northeast | 17.6 | 13.9 | 16.1 | <0.001 |
| Midwest | 23.4 | 19.8 | 9.4 | |
| South | 40.9 | 56.9 | 37.1 | |
| West | 18.1 | 9.4 | 37.3 | |
| AMI type | ||||
| ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction | 62.7 | 51.7 | 60.1 | <0.001 |
| Non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction | 37.3 | 48.3 | 39.9 | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 26.5 | 20.2 | 23.1 | <0.001 |
| Cardiac rhythm | ||||
| Shockable | 64.8 | 57.0 | 57.6 | <0.001 |
| Nonshockable | 35.2 | 43.0 | 42.4 | |
| Acute organ failure | ||||
| Multiorgan failure | 55.1 | 62.3 | 63.2 | <0.001 |
| Respiratory | 51.9 | 57.8 | 59.7 | <0.001 |
| Hepatic | 10.3 | 13.2 | 13.0 | <0.001 |
| Renal | 34.7 | 41.4 | 39.5 | <0.001 |
| Hematologic | 9.9 | 12.5 | 13.6 | <0.001 |
| Neurologic | 25.5 | 33.1 | 29.9 | <0.001 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 34.7 | 30.8 | 40.2 | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary artery catheterization | 2.4 | 2.4 | 3.2 | <0.001 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 50.1 | 59.0 | 59.9 | <0.001 |
| Acute hemodialysis | 1.4 | 2.0 | 2.5 | <0.001 |
Represented as percentage or mean±SD; AMI indicates acute myocardial infarction; and CA, cardiac arrest.
*
Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, Native American, Others.
†
Self‐Pay, No Charge, Others.