Table 1.

Topics encompassing a cardio-nephrology curriculum

Advanced heart failure including ventricular assist device therapies, heart transplantation workup and palliative care options.	ESKD, dialysis and complications such as pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias and coronary artery disease.
Use of novel therapies (SGLT2i and the GLP-1RAs) in patients with chronic kidney disease and cardio–renal syndrome.	Point-of-care ultrasound (lung, IVC, renal venous congestion assessment).
Continuous kidney replacement therapy (timing in cardiac post-operative setting).	Diuretics dose adjustment and methods for ultrafiltration in a combined approach with cardiology and nephrology.
Preoperative risk stratification and optimization of patients undergoing complex percutaneous coronary interventions, transcatheter valvular procedures and cardiac surgery with underlying kidney disease.	Acute mechanical circulatory support and impact on kidney function.
Medication monitoring and dose adjustment, based on eGFR.	Management of electrolyte disorders (hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypomagnesemia seen commonly in patients with cardio–renal syndrome).
Anemia and iron management in patients with heart failure and/or chronic kidney disease.

ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; GLP-1RAs, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; SGLT-2i, sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors; IVC, inferior vena cava; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.