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. 2021 Oct 1;131(19):e153204. doi: 10.1172/JCI153204

Figure 1. CAR T cell function above and below threshold levels of cognate antigen.

Figure 1

Malignant cells, for example CD19+ leukemias, express high levels of CD19 antigen at the cell surface and are efficiently killed by CD19 CAR T cells (left). HIV-1–positive cells with latent infection express much lower levels of cell surface antigens (namely, Env), resulting in substantially lower killing efficiencies (middle). An approach to boost HIV-1 CAR T cells with cell-associated Env would provide exogenous antigen in vivo and increase CAR T killing efficiency (right).