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. 2021 Jun 27;72(18):6418–6436. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab306

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Endogenous ABA is required for efficient somatic embryogenesis. (A) The effect of ABA biosynthesis mutants on SE. Statistically significant differences in SE efficiency between the wild type and the mutant lines were calculated using a two-tailed Student’s t-test (**P<0.01; ***P<0.001). Error bars represent the SD of three technical replicates. (B) Light images of 14-day old explants from somatic embryo cultures of the indicated wild-type and mutant lines. The insets in the wild-type and aba2-1 panels are magnifications of the respective boxed regions, showing excessive callus formation at the root–hypocotyl region of the explant of the aba2-1 mutant. The images are light micrographs. Arrows, somatic embryos; arrowheads, embryogenic tissue; asterisks, callus; c, cotyledon; r-h, root–hypocotyl. Scale bars, 1 mm. (C) Application of exogenous ABA restores SE efficiency to wild-type Col-0 levels in the aba2-1 mutant. The Col-0 control was previously reported by Wu et al. (2019). Statistically significant differences in SE efficiency were calculated using Fisher’s least significant difference test. Error bars represent the SD of three technical replicates.