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. 2021 Jun 27;72(18):6418–6436. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab306

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6.

A proposed model for auxin and ABA interaction during somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Arabidopsis mature after-ripened embryos. Auxin treatment induces expression of ABA signalling genes and maintains expression of the downstream ABI3/4/5 transcription factor genes. ABA signalling and ABI5 transcription factors are required for efficient SE from germinating seeds, while ABI3 and ABI4 (bold) are essential for SE. ABA signals through the upstream components, including the receptors and the PP2Cs, to indirectly up-regulate ABI3 (Lopez-Molina et al., 2002), while core ABA signalling promotes ABI5 phosphorylation (Fujii et al., 2009; Melcher et al., 2009; Yin et al., 2009). ABI3 also regulates ARF10 and ARF16 expression through MIR160, which post-transcriptionally regulates ARF10 and ARF16 levels (Tian et al., 2020b). Dashed lines indicate indirect transcriptional regulation, while black solid lines indicate known protein-level regulation.