Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the included patients.
| Variables | Total (n = 4828) | Survivors (n = 4018) | Non-survivors (n = 810) | P |
| Age, yrs | 63.34 ± 17.21 | 62.00 ± 17.47 | 70.00 ± 14.13 | <.001 |
| Male | 2580 (53.44%) | 2154 (53.61%) | 426 (52.59%) | .597 |
| Severity score | ||||
| APS III | 46 (34–62) | 43.50 (33–59) | 60 (46–79.75) | <.001 |
| SOFA | 5 (4–8) | 5 (3–8) | 7 (5–11) | <.001 |
| qSOFA | 2 (2–2) | 2 (2–2) | 2 (2–2) | <.001 |
| OASIS | 38 (33–43) | 37 (33–42) | 42 (37–47) | <.001 |
| Length of hospital stay, days | 13.39 (7.71–22.60) | 13.81 (7.98–22.73) | 11.49 (5.95–21.21) | <.001 |
| Sepsis | 2970 (61.52%) | 2394 (59.58%) | 576 (71.11%) | <.001 |
| Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (SID30) | 12 (4–22) | 11 (3–21) | 19 (11–28) | <.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Congestive heart failure | 1118 (23.16%) | 902 (22.45%) | 216 (26.67%) | .009 |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 1044 (21.62%) | 811 (20.18%) | 233 (28.77%) | <.001 |
| Valvular disease | 283 (5.86%) | 224 (5.57%) | 59 (7.28%) | .059 |
| Pulmonary circulation disorder | 286 (5.92%) | 236 (5.87%) | 50 (6.17%) | .742 |
| Peripheral vascular disorder | 362 (7.50%) | 286 (7.12%) | 76 (9.38%) | .026 |
| Hypertension | 510 (10.56%) | 416 (10.35%) | 94 (11.60%) | .290 |
| Paralysis | 188 (3.89%) | 172 (4.28%) | 16 (1.98%) | .002 |
| Other neurological disease | 562 (11.64%) | 481 (11.97%) | 81 (10.00%) | .111 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1203 (24.92%) | 1007 (25.06%) | 196 (24.20%) | .604 |
| Uncomplicated diabetes | 924 (19.14%) | 801 (19.94%) | 123 (15.19%) | .002 |
| Complicated diabetes | 267 (5.53%) | 222 (5.53%) | 45 (5.56%) | .972 |
| Hypothyroidism | 405 (8.39%) | 339 (8.44%) | 66 (8.15%) | .787 |
| Renal failure | 585 (12.12%) | 464 (11.55%) | 121 (14.94%) | .007 |
| Liver disease | 337 (6.98%) | 247 (6.15%) | 90 (11.11%) | <.001 |
| Peptic ulcer | 5 (0.10%) | 5 (0.12%) | 0 (0.00%) | .597 |
| AIDS | 33 (0.68%) | 25 (0.62%) | 8 (0.99%) | .244 |
| Lymphoma | 59 (1.22%) | 43 (1.07%) | 16 (1.98%) | .051 |
| Metastatic cancer | 238 (4.93%) | 148 (3.68%) | 90 (11.11%) | <.001 |
| Solid tumor | 134 (2.78%) | 102 (2.54%) | 32 (3.95%) | .026 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 133 (2.75%) | 105 (2.61%) | 28 (3.46%) | .181 |
| Coagulopathy | 828 (17.15%) | 605 (15.06%) | 223 (27.53%) | <.001 |
| Obesity | 386 (8.00%) | 355 (8.84%) | 31 (3.83%) | <.001 |
| Weight loss | 339 (7.02%) | 275 (6.84%) | 64 (7.90%) | .283 |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 2072 (42.92%) | 1690 (42.06%) | 382 (47.16%) | .007 |
| Blood loss anemia | 119 (2.46%) | 105 (2.61%) | 14 (1.73%) | .138 |
| Deficiency anemia | 1048 (21.71%) | 921 (22.92%) | 127 (15.68%) | <.001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 512 (10.60%) | 456 (11.35%) | 56 (6.91%) | <.001 |
| Drug abuse | 271 (5.61%) | 257 (6.40%) | 14 (1.73%) | <.001 |
| Psychoses | 268 (5.55%) | 246 (6.12%) | 22 (2.72%) | <.001 |
| Depression | 410 (8.49%) | 370 (9.21%) | 40 (4.94%) | <.001 |
Patients were grouped as survivors and non-survivors determined by hospital mortality status. Statistical significance (P < .05) is shown in bold.
AIDS = acquired immune deficiency syndrome, APS = acute physiology score, OASIS = Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score, qSOFA = quick SOFA, SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score.