Figure 3.

The impact of Neu5Ac on DPSC osteo-/odotoblastic differentiation. (a) CCK-8 assay results of Neu5Ac-treated DPSC. (b) qRT-PCR detected the expressions of DMP1, DSPP, BSP, and RUNX2 after treating DPSCs with Neu5Ac (0.1 or 1 mM) for 4, 7, or 14 days, with GAPDH used as a normalization control. (c) DMP1, DSPP, and RUNX2 protein expressions were detected by western blotting. (d) The ability of DPSC with Neu5Ac treatment (0.1 and 1 mM) assessed via ALP activity and Alizarin red staining. Data are means ± SD. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, or ^∗∗∗p < 0.001. All the experiments were repeated at least three times independently.