TABLE 2.
Validation of the assessment tools for estimating (poly)phenol intake1
| Dietary assessment methods | Reference | Number of participants | Validated polyphenol(s) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First author (ref) | Year | Reproducibility | Dietary | Biomarker | Statistical methods | |||
| Chun (148) | 2009 | 24-h recall | − | Urine-spot | 2908 | Partial correlations after adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, BMI, income level, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking | Isoflavones | |
| Kilkkinen (154) | 2003 | 24-h recall | + | DR, S, 48-h recall, S | Serum-fasting | 48-h recall: 233/3DD: 334 | Attenuation regression coefficients | Lignans |
| Cao (90) | 2010 | 7DD | − | Plasma-fasting | 92 | Correlation coefficients | Flavonoids | |
| Grace (150) | 2004 | 7DD | − | DR, S | Serum-spot + urine spot | 248/333 | Pearson's correlation coefficients on log-transformed data | Phytoestrogens: isoflavones and lignans |
| Taguchi (158) | 2017 | 7DD | − | FFQ | 37 | Correlation coefficients | Total polyphenols | |
| Taguchi (94) | 2018 | BDHQ | − | DR, S | 37 | Spearman's correlation coefficients | Total polyphenols | |
| Jarvinen (162) | 1993 | DHI | +2 | 121 | Interclass correlation coefficients | Flavonoids | ||
| Budhathoki (145) | 2011 | FFQ | + | DR, M | 28 | Pearson's correlation coefficients | Isoflavones | |
| Butchart (146) | 2011 | FFQ | + | WR, S | 83 | Spearman's rank correlation coefficients | Flavonoids | |
| Chavez-Suarez (147) | 2017 | FFQ | +2 | 50 | Adjusted correlation coefficients | Flavonoids and lignans | ||
| Cuervo (159) | 2014 | FFQ | − | 38 | NR | Polyphenols | ||
| Frankenfeld (48) | 2002 | 2 FFQs | − | Plasma-fasting | 77 | Pearson's correlation coefficients | Isoflavones | |
| Frankenfeld (49) | 2003 | 2 FFQs | + | Plasma-fasting | 96 | Pearson's correlation coefficients | Isoflavones | |
| Fraser (149) | 2016 | FFQ | + | 24-h recall, M | Urine-spot | Urine: 909; questionnaires: 96,116 | Deattenuated correlations | Isoflavones |
| Hankin (160) | 2001 | FFQ | − | 24-h recall, M | 858 | Correlation coefficients | Isoflavones | |
| Hernandez-Ramirez (151) | 2009 | FFQ | +2 | 50 | Energy adjusted (by means of energy residuals) intraclass correlation coefficients | Phytoestrogens: isoflavone and lignans | ||
| Ishihara (63) | 2009 | FFQ, 4DD, Arizona tea questionnaires | + | DR, M | 55 | Spearman's rank correlation coefficients | Isoflavones | |
| Iwasaki (153) | 2009 | FFQ | − | DR, M | 215 | Spearman's correlation coefficients | Isoflavones | |
| Kurahashi (155) | 2009 | FFQ | + | DR, S | NR | Spearman's rank correlation coefficients | Isoflavones | |
| Kyle (163) | 2002 | FFQ | − | WR, S | 41 men and 40 women | Energy-adjusted and Spearman rank correlation coefficients, cross-classification | Flavonols, procyanidins, flavon-3-ols, flavanones and flavones | |
| Li (156) | 2013 | FFQ | + | 24-h recall, M | 121 | Correlation coefficients | Flavonoids and stilbenes | |
| Lin (41) | 2013 | FFQ | − | Serum-fasting | 135 | Correlation coefficients adjusted for energy intake | Lignans | |
| Luo (157) | 2015 | FFQ | − | 24-h recall, M | 70 | Spearman's correlation coefficients | Phytoestrogens: isoflavone and lignans | |
| Yue (164) | 2020 | FFQ | + | DR, M | 641 men and 724 women | Spearman's rank correlation coefficients adjusted and non-adjusted for total energy intake, variance captured by top food contributors | Total flavonoids and subclasses | |
| Pietinen (165) | 1988 | FFQ | + | DR, M | 133 men for validity/190 men for reliability | Pearson's correlation coefficients between log-transformed, energy-adjusted intake values | Total flavonoids and subclasses | |
| Sasaki (166) | 2003 | FFQ | + | 209 | Spearman's correlation coefficients | Isoflavones | ||
| Segovia-Siapco (167) | 2016 | FFQ | − | 24-h recall, M | 55 | Pearson's bivariate correlation, cross-classification quartiles, Bland-Altman plots | Soy isoflavones | |
| Shahar (168) | 2014 | FFQ | − | 24-h recall, M | 93 | Spearman correlation and intraclass correlation, Bland-Altman plot, cross-classification and Cohen's κ | Total polyphenols | |
| Thompson (169) | 2008 | FFQ | − | 24-h recall, M | 2053 | Deattenuated correlation coefficients | Flavonoids | |
| Tsubono (170) | 2003 | FFQ | + | DR, M | 201 | Spearman's correlation coefficients | Isoflavones | |
| Wu (174) | 2004 | FFQ | − | Plasma-spot | 194 | ANOVA and ANCOVA between quartiles | Isoflavones | |
| Yamamoto (64) | 2001 | FFQ | + | WR, S | Serum-fasting + urine-24 h | 215 | Spearman's correlation coefficients, energy-adjusted correlation coefficients | Isoflavones |
| Yao (114) | 2019 | FFQ | + | DR, NR | NR | Spearman's rank correlation coefficients | Quercetin, myricetin | |
| Yokoyama (171) | 2016 | FFQ | − | WR, M | 142 | Spearman's correlation coefficients | Isoflavones: daidzein and genistein | |
| Zhang (172) | 2009 | FFQ | + | DR, M | 61 | Pearson's correlation coefficients, cross-classification, Bland-Altman plots | Flavonoids | |
| Heald (152) | 2006 | FFQ | − | WR, S | Serum-spot | Serum: 203 | Spearman's correlation coefficients and Pearson's correlation coefficients/energy-adjusted and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, cross-classification | Serum: phytoestrogen; weighed diet records: flavonoids |
| Tseng (52) | 2008 | SFQ, FFQ (DAF) | − | DAF (FFQ) | Urine-24 h/overnight urine-spot, multiple | Questionnaire: 451/urine: 27 | Spearman's correlations | Isoflavones: daidzein, genistein, glycitein, ODMA, equol |
| Bhakta (66) | 2005 | FFQ, 24-h recall | − | 24-h recall, M | 133 | Cross-classification, energy adjusted and unadjusted Spearman's correlation coefficients, method of triads | Phytoestrogens: isoflavone and lignans | |
| French (45) | 2007 | FFQ, 48-h recall | − | Urine-24 h | 26 | Spearman rank correlation coefficients, cross-classification (κ, tertile) | Phytoestrogens: isoflavone and lignans | |
| Huang (69) | 2000 | FFQ, 48-h recall | − | 48-h recall, M | Urine-24 h | 61 | Spearman's correlations | Isoflavones: daidzein and genistein |
| Hoge (62) | 2019 | FFQ, 3DD | − | DR, S | Urine-spot | 53 | Pearson's correlation, cross-classification by median, Cohen κ coefficient, method of triads | Total polyphenols |
| Somerset (42) | 2014 | FFQ and 3DD | + | DR, S | 60 | Spearman's rank correlations, Bland-Altman plots | Flavonoids | |
| Ishihara (161) | 2003 | FFQ | + | DR, S | 392 | Spearman's correlation coefficients | Genistein | |
| Hakim (50) | 2001 | FFQ, 4DD, Arizona tea questionnaires | + | FFQ, S, DR, S | 120 | Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients; precision was examined using intraclass correlation coefficients between the log-transformed (natural log) estimates of black tea polyphenols for the 2 tea questionnaires (ATQ1 and ATQ2) | Total tea polyphenols | |
| Verkasalo (68) | 2001 | FFQ, 7DD | − | DR, S | Plasma-spot | 80 | Spearman's correlation coefficients | Isoflavones: daidzein and genistein |
| Vian (44) | 2015 | FFQ, 3DD, 24-h recall | + | 24-h recall, M + DR, S | Urine-spot | 120 | Method of triads, Pearson's correlation coefficients, intraclass correlation (κ) and Bland-Altman plots, classification by quartiles of consumption | Total polyphenols |
1
ATQ, The Arizina Tea Questionnaire, BDHQ, brief diet history questionnaire; DAF, Harvard Diet Assessment Form; DHI, dietary history interview; DR, dietary records; FFQ, food-frequency questionnaire; M, multiple conduction; NR, not reported; ODMA, O-Desmethylangolensin; , ref, reference; S, single conduction; SFQ soy food questionnaire; WR, weighed records; 3DD, 3-d food diary (records); 7DD, 7-d food diary (records); +, reproducibility was evaluated; −, reproducibility was not evaluated.
2
Only reproducibility of the tools was evaluated in the study.