Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of influencing factors of viral clearance within 2 weeks in severe COVID-19 patients.
| Univariate |
Multivariate |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virus clearance within 2 weeks (n = 16) | No virus clearance within 2 weeks (n = 112) | P value* | OR | 95%CI | P value* | |
| Age | 0.159 | |||||
| ＜18 yr | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||||
| 18−60 yr | 6 (37.5%) | 63 (56.3%) | ||||
| ＞60 yr | 10 (62.5%) | 49 (43.8%) | ||||
| Sex, male | 8 (50%) | 71 (63.4%) | 0.303 | |||
| Underlying pulmonary diseases | 3 (18.8%) | 4 (3.6%) | 0.041 | NS | ||
| Underlying cardiovascular diseases | 9 (56.3%) | 44 (39.3%) | 0.198 | |||
| Other underlying diseases | 3 (18.8%) | 23 (20.5%) | 1.000 | |||
| ACEI/ARB usage | 0 (0%) | 8 (7.1%) | 0.581 | |||
| Smoking history | 0 (0%) | 11 (9.8%) | 0.404 | |||
| Obesity | 3 (18.8%) | 18 (16.2%) | 1.000 | |||
| Fever | 9 (56.3%) | 41 (36.6%) | 0.132 | |||
| Respiratory symptoms | 13 (81.3%) | 92 (82.1%) | 1.000 | |||
| Other symptoms | 5 (31.3%) | 55 (49.1%) | 0.181 | |||
| Diarrhea | 0 (0%) | 19 (17%) | 0.159 | |||
| Myalgia | 2 (12.5%) | 29 (25.9%) | 0.242 | |||
| Cough | 7 (43.8%) | 37 (33%) | 0.399 | |||
| Expectoration | 9 (56.3%) | 49 (43.8%) | 0.347 | |||
| Shortness of breath | 1 (6.3%) | 37 (33%) | 0.057 | |||
| Chest tightness | 4 (25%) | 22 (19.6%) | 0.868 | |||
| Headache | 1 (6.3%) | 12 (10.7%) | 0.912 | |||
| Sore throat | 0 (0%) | 19 (17%) | 0.159 | |||
| Rhinorrhoea | 3 (18.8%) | 11 (9.8%) | 0.521 | |||
| Nausea and vomiting | 2 (12.5%) | 7 (6.3%) | 0.695 | |||
| Fever, cough, and shortness of breath | 2 (12.5%) | 37 (33%) | 0.168 | |||
| Fatigue | 7 (43.8%) | 37 (33%) | 0.399 | |||
| Respiratory failure | 0 (0%) | 9 (8%) | 0.514 | |||
| WBC count, median (IQR), ×109/L | 5.17 (4.08–7.43) | 4.43 (3.53–5.65) | 0.061 | |||
| NEUT count, median (IQR), ×109/L | 3.52 (2.26–5.88) | 2.79 (2.16–3.81) | 0.118 | |||
| Lymphocyte count, median (IQR), ×109/L | 1.11 (0.84-1.43) | 1.07 (0.85-1.34) | 0.986 | |||
| Anemia | 2 (12.5%) | 2 (1.8%) | 0.076 | |||
| CRP, median (IQR), mg/L | 27.15 (14.45–151.9) | 42 (22.2–60.4) | 0.827 | |||
| hsCRP, median (IQR), mg/L | 25.82 (10.60–37.13) | 24.90 (10.18–46.96) | 0.971 | |||
| IL-6, median (IQR), pg/mL | 24.17 (8.12–38.37) | 19.54 (11.21–38.96) | 0.993 | |||
| PCT, median (IQR), μg/L | 0.05 (0.033–0.078) | 0.058 (0.038–0.084) | 0.637 | |||
| ESR, median (IQR), mm/h | 43.5 (15.5–57) | 41 (27–60) | 0.819 | |||
| Numbers of affected lobes | 5 (3.25–6) | 6 (5–6) | 0.063 | |||
| Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy | 5 (31.3%) | 78 (69.6%) | 0.003 | NS | ||
| Glucocorticoids usage | 5 (31.3%) | 72 (64.3%) | 0.012 | NS | ||
| Interferon alpha inhalation | 15 (93.8%) | 105 (93.8%) | 1.000 | |||
| lopinavir/ritonavir | 13 (81.3%) | 102 (91.1%) | 0.439 | |||
| Favipiravir | 2 (12.5%) | 6 (5.4%) | 0.581 | |||
| Ribavirin | 4 (25%) | 50 (44.6%) | 0.137 | |||
| Oseltamivir | 2 (12.5%) | 24 (21.4%) | 0.618 | |||
| Arbidol | 2 (12.5%) | 38 (33.9%) | 0.084 | |||
| Combination of three or more antiviral drugsa | 6 (37.5%) | 75 (67%) | 0.022 | 3.896 | 1.117−13.591 | 0.033 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 2 (12.5%) | 56 (50%) | 0.005 | 8.208 | 1.562−43.129 | 0.013 |
| Time from symptoms to admission, median (IQR), d | 2 (1−3) | 4 (3−7) | 0.000 | 1.850 | 1.236−2.770 | 0.003 |
*
P value indicated differences between two group. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
a
The glucocorticoid used in this study is basically methylprednisolone, with a dose of 40−80 mg for a period of 1 week or less.