Table 1.
Study characteristics and quality assessment
| Study ID | Year | Setting | Study design | Patients with COVID-19 (M/F) | Age (median and range) (AF vs no AF) | ORs | NOS score (S C O) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peltzer et al. [22] | 2020 | Multicenter, USA | Retrospective | 1053 (653/400) | 74.5 (± 13.0) vs 60.1 (± 17.0) | Adjusted | 3 2 3 |
| Rodilla et al. [23] | 2020 | Multicenter, Span | Retrospective | 12,226 (7018/5208) | 67.5 ± 16.1 (overall) | Adjusted | 3 2 1 |
| Inciardi et al. [8] | 2020 | Single center, Italy | Retrospective | 99 (80/19) | 67 ± 12 (overall) | Unadjusted | 3 0 3 |
| Russo et al. [16] | 2020 | Multicenter, Italy | Retrospective | 414 (253/161) | 65.5 (± 15.5) vs 73.7 (± 9.9) | Unadjusted | 3 1 3 |
| Bhatla et al. [24] | 2020 | Single center, USA | Retrospective | 700 (314/386) | N/A | Unadjusted | 3 0 3 |
| Yamada et al. [25] | 2020 | Multicenter, USA | Retrospective | 210 (N/A) | N/A | Unadjusted | 1 1 3 |
| Atkins et al. [26] | 2020 | Multicenter, UK | Retrospective | 507 (311/196) | 74.3 ± 4.5 (overall) | Adjusted | 2 2 3 |
| Quisi et al. [27] | 2020 | Multicenter, Turkey | Retrospective | 349 (153/196) | N/A | Unadjusted | 3 1 3 |
| Elias et al. [28] | 2020 | Multicenter, USA | Retrospective | 1258 (685/573) | 61.6 ± 18.4 (overall) | Adjusted | 2 2 3 |
| Wang et al. [29] | 2020 | Multicenter, China | Retrospective | 319 (152/167) | 64.97 ± 13.15 (overall) | Adjusted | 3 2 2 |
| Reilev et al. [30] | 2020 | Multicenter, Denmark | Retrospective | 11,122 (4693/6429) | N/A | Unadjusted | 3 1 1 |
| Gerwen et al. [15] | 2020 | Single center, USA | Retrospective | 3703 (2048/1655) | 56.8 ± 18.2 (overall) | Adjusted | 3 2 2 |
| Peterson et al. [14] | 2020 | Single center, USA | Retrospective | 355 (181/174) | 66.21 ± 14.21 (overall) | Adjusted | 2 2 3 |
| Mccullough et al. [31] | 2020 | Single center, USA | Retrospective | 754 (478/278) | 63.3 ± 16.0 (overall) | Adjusted | 3 2 2 |
| Ghio et al. [32] | 2020 | Single center, Italy | Prospective | 405 (278/127) | N/A | Unadjusted | 2 1 3 |
| Li et al. [33] | 2020 | Single center, China | Prospective | 113 (68/45) | 67.3 ± 14.1 (overall) | Unadjusted | 3 1 1 |
| Rodríguez-Molinero et al. [34] | 2020 | Multicenter, Span | Retrospective | 418 (238/180) | 65.4 ± 16.6 (overall) | Adjusted | 2 2 1 |
| Clift et al. [35] | 2020 | Multicenter, UK | Prospective | 6,083,102 (3,035,409/3047693) | N/A | Unadjusted | 3 1 2 |
| Shah et al. [36] | 2020 | Single center, USA | Retrospective | 487 (N/A) | 68.42 ± 16.70 (overall) | Unadjusted | 3 1 1 |
| Lano et al. [37] | 2020 | Multicenter, France | Retrospective | 122 (79/43) | 73.5 (64.2–81.2) | Unadjusted | 3 1 1 |
| Polverino et al. [38] | 2020 | Multicenter, Italy | Retrospective | 3179 (2171/1008) | 69.0 (57–78) | Unadjusted | 3 1 1 |
| Izurieta et al. [39] | 2020 | Multicenter, USA | Retrospective | 25,333,329 (N/A) | N/A | Adjusted | 2 2 1 |
| Gue et al. [40] | 2020 | Single center, UK | Retrospective | 316 (188/128) | N/A | Adjusted | 3 2 2 |
| Perez-Guzman et al. [41] | 2020 | Multicenter, UK | Retrospective | 614 (382/232) | 69 ± 25 (overall) | Adjusted | 3 2 1 |
| Canevelli et al. [42] | 2020 | Multicenter, Italy | Retrospective | 415 (219/196) | 84.3 ± 8.1 (overall) | Adjusted | 2 2 3 |
| Rossi et al. [43] | 2020 | Multicenter, Italy | Retrospective | 590 (399/191) | 76.2 (68.2–82.6, overall) | Unadjusted | 3 0 2 |
| Alvarez-Garcia et al. [44] | 2020 | Multicenter, USA | Retrospective | 6439 (3547/2892) | 63.5 ± 18 (overall) | Adjusted | 2 2 2 |
| Spinoni et al. [9] | 2021 | Multicenter, Italy | Retrospective | 637 (N/A) | N/A | Adjusted | 3 2 1 |
| Özdemir et al. [12] | 2021 | Single center, Turkey | Retrospective | 350 (194/156) | 76 (64–82) vs 51 (37–65) | Unadjusted | 4 1 2 |
| Sanz et al. [13] | 2021 | Single center, Spain | Prospective | 160 (96/64) | 75.9 (± 9.6) vs 64.9 (± 16.3) | Unadjusted | 4 1 1 |
| Mountantonakis et al. [10] | 2021 | Multicenter, USA | Retrospective | 2476 (1551/925) | 73.1 (± 13.5) vs 73.6 (± 13.3) | Unadjusted | 3 2 1 |
| Poterucha et al. [45] | 2021 | Multicenter, USA | Retrospective | 887 (N/A) | N/A | Unadjusted | 3 0 1 |
| García-Granj et al. [46] | 2021 | Single center, Span | Retrospective | 517 (290/227) | 81.6 (± 8.7) vs 66.5 (± 14.9) | Unadjusted | 3 1 1 |
| Kelesoglu et al. [47] | 2021 | Single center, Turkey | Retrospective | 658 (372/286) | 54 ± 14 (overall) | Unadjusted | 3 1 1 |
| Denegri et al. [48] | 2021 | Single center, Italy | Retrospective | 201 (N/A) | N/A | Adjusted | 3 2 1 |
| Zylla et al. [11] | 2021 | Multicenter, Germany | Retrospective | 166 (108/58) | 64.1 ± 16.7 (overall) | Unadjusted | 3 1 1 |
COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; M/F: Male/Female; AF: atrial fibrillation; OR: odds ratio; NOS: Newcastle-Ottawa scale; S: selection; C: comparability; O: outcome; N/A: not available.