Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
| Variable Mean ± SD or n (%) | Alcohol only (n = 70) | Alcohol + Tobacco (n = 90) | Alcohol + Cannabis (n=35) | Alcohol + Tobacco + Cannabis (n=42) | Statistic | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Age d, g | 30.74 ± 9.18 | 34.42 ± 10.46 | 28.11 ± 7.26 | 35.07 ± 12.59 | F = 4.89 | 0.003 |
| Sex (Male) | 36 (51.42%) | 64 (71.11%) | 24 (68.57%) | 28 (66.67%) | Χ2 = 7.23 | 0.07 |
| Education (years) e | 14.54 ± 2.30 | 14.92 ± 2.24 | 14.63 ± 2.51 | 13.55 ± 3.34 | F = 2.86 | 0.04 |
| Estimated Income | n=48 | n=76 | n=27 | n=33 | Χ 2 = 39.95 | 0.02 |
| <$15,000 | 5 (7.14%) | 17 (18.89%) | 2 (5.71%) | 14 (33.33%) | ||
| $15–000-$29,999 | 12 (17.14%) | 21 (23.33%) | 8 (22.86%) | 6 (14.29%) | ||
| $30–000-$44,999 | 3 (4.29%) | 12 (13.33%) | 5 (14.29%) | 5 (11.90%) | ||
| $45–000-$59,999 | 3 (4.29%) | 10 (11.11%) | 1 (2.86%) | 3 (7.14%) | ||
| $60–000-$74,999 | 5 (7.14%) | 4 (4.44%) | 3 (8.57%) | 2 (4.76%) | ||
| $75–000-$89,999 | 6 (8.57%) | 6 (6.67%) | 3 (8.57%) | 2 (4.76%) | ||
| $90–000-$104,999 | 2 (2.86%) | 3 (3.33%) | 1 (2.86%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| $105–000-$119,999 | 3 (4.29%) | 1 (1.11%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.38%) | ||
| >$120,000 | 9 (12.76%) | 2 (2.22%) | 4 (11.42%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | Χ2 = 27.88 | 0.14 | ||||
| White | 37 (52.76%) | 45 (50%) | 10 (28.57%) | 19 (45.23%) | ||
| Black | 5 (7.14%) | 11 (12.22%) | 5 (14.29%) | 7 (16.67%) | ||
| Latino | 1 (1.42%) | 6 (6.67%) | 2 (5.71%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| American Indian | 1 (1.42%) | 1 (11.11%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Pacific Islander | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.22%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (4.76%) | ||
| Asian | 21 (30%) | 16 (17.78%) | 15 (42.86%) | 7 (16.67%) | ||
| Mixed | 3 (4.29%) | 6 (6.67%) | 1 (2.86%) | 5 (11.90%) | ||
| Other/Unknown | 2 (2.86%) | 3 (3.33%) | 2 (5.71%) | 2 (4.76%) | ||
| Hispanic/Latino | 25 (35.71%) | 18 (20%) | 9 (25.71%) | 15 (35.71%) | Χ2 = 6.21 | 0.10 |
| Total Drinks (30 Day TLFB) a, c, d, g | 87.27 ± 66.55 | 120.23 ± 89.99 | 72.33 ± 42.26 | 130.15 ± 94.88 | F = 5.70 | 0.001 |
| Drinking Days (30 Day TLFB) a, d | 16.61 ± 7.20 | 19.66 ± 7.13 | 15.71 ± 6.73 | 19.76 ± 7.60 | F = 4.43 | 0.005 |
| DPDD (30 Day TLFB) g | 5.26 ± 2.62 | 5.99 ± 3.02 | 4.72 ± 1.81 | 6.46 ± 3.48 | F = 3.23 | 0.02 |
| HDD (30 Day TLFB) d, g | 8.81 ± 7.38 | 11.38 ± 8.21 | 6.77 ± 5.05 | 11.93 ± 9.60 | F = 4.26 | 0.006 |
| Current AUD (%) c, f | 55 (78.57%); n = 70 | 43 (86%); n = 50 | 26 (76.47%); n = 34 | 42 (100%); n =42 | x 2 = 8.99 | 0.03 |
| AUDIT c, g | 11.93 ± 9.78; n = 56 | 14.18 ± 9.09; n = 44 | 9.31 ± 7.73; n = 35 | 16.83 ± 9.44; n = 42 | F = 4.84 | 0.003 |
| ADS a, b, d, e | 21.13 ± 15.11; n = 48 | 29.55 ± 14.02; n = 66 | 10.96 ± 5.06; n = 27 | 15.63 ± 6.50; n = 19 | F = 16.36 | <0.001 |
| AUD Symptom Count | 4.69 ± 2.79; n = 52 | 5.13 ± 2.54; n =39 | 4.45 ± 1.99; n = 20 | 5.05 ± 2.42; n = 37 | F = 0.47 | 0.71 |
| CIWA-Ar | 0.73 ± 1.27; n = 70 | 0.82 ± 1.56; n = 50 | 0.31 ± .63; n = 35 | .043 ± .831; n= 42 | F = 1.80 | 0.15 |
| PACS d | 13.95 ± 7.58; n = 65 | 15.67 ± 7.63; n =90 | 10.97 ± 8.13; n=35 | 14.88 ± 6.16; n = 40 | F = 3.39 | 0.02 |
| OCDS b, d | 20.28 ± 13.56; n = 43 | 21.04 ± 13.20; n = 27 | 12.54 ± 8.18; n = 26 | 19.12 ± 10.78; n = 17 | F = 2.86 | 0.04 |
| DrInC b, d | 56.24 ± 31.04; n = 59 | 61.74 ± 34.46; n = 31 | 36.09 ± 26.33; n =23 | 57.31 ± 24.24; n = 16 | F = 3.50 | 0.02 |
| Total Tobacco (30 Day TLFB) | - | 332.24 ± 254.96; n = 84 | - | 305.40 ± 281.41; n = 42 | T = 0.12 | 0.73 |
| FTND | - | 3.76 ± 2.27; n = 88 | - | 3.93 ± 2.26; n = 40 | T = 0.001 | 0.99 |
| Total Cannabis Days (30 Day TLFB) f | - | - | 6.20 ± 7.49 | 12.43 ± 11.85 | T = 15.79 | <0.001 |
| CUDIT | - | - | 6.00 ± 3.53; n = 15 | 6.57 ± 3.26; n = 42 | T = 0.53 | 0.48 |
a
AO < AT
b
AO > AC
c
AO < ATC
d
AT > AC
e
AT > ATC
f
AT < ATC
g
AC < ATC
AO = alcohol only; AT = alcohol and tobacco co-user; AC = alcohol and cannabis co-user; ATC = alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis tri-user; TLFB = Timeline Followback; DPDD = drinks per drinking day; HDD = heavy drinking days; AUD = alcohol use disorder; AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test; ADS = Alcohol Dependence Scale; CIWA-AR = Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol Scale, Revised; PACS = Penn Alcohol Craving Scale; OCDS = Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale; DrInC = Drinker Inventory of Consequences; FTND = Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence; CUDIT = Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test