Table 2.

Genetic modification of α-ketoglutarate metabolic node for GFAAs production.

Strains	Substrate	Titer (g/L)	Product	Cultivation	Modulations	Reference
C. glutamicum Sorn7	Glucose	16	Ornithine	Shake flask; batch	replacing the start codon ATG of odhA gene; replacing the natural RBS of odhA with the sequence of synthetic RBS with strengths of 837 au	[209]
C. glutamicum ZQJY-7	Glucose	12.8	Proline	Bioreactor; fed-batch	the attenuation of odhA gene by mutation of RBS	[212]
C. glutamicum GABA6B	Glucose	9.8	GABA	Shake flask; batch	replacing the start codon GTG odhA gene with the TTG; removing phosphorylation motif site of OdhI protein	[72]
C. glutamicum ORN11	Glucose	34.1	Ornithine	Shake flask; batch	the insertion of a strong Peftu promoter in the upstream region of gdh gene;	[205]
C.glutamicum ZQJY-7	Glucose	6.59	Proline	Shake flask; batch		[212]
C. glutamicum SO18	Glucose	33.7	Ornithine	Shake flask; batch	the insertion of a strong Peftu promoter in the upstream region of gdh2 gene;	[204]
C.glutamicum ARG (glnA–aspA–gdh)	Glucose	53.2	Arginine	Bioreactor; fed-batch	the co-expression of glnA, aspA and gdh genes	[41]
C. crenatum Cc5-800	Glucose	76.8	Arginine	Bioreactor; fed-batch	the overexpression of icd and gdh genes; the attenuation of odhA by replacing the natural RBS of odhA gene with the sequence of synthetic RBS with strengths of 800 au	[107]