Figure 2 |. Multivariate genome-wide association analysis of EXT with Genomic SEM.

Scatterplot of −log₁₀(P value for two-sided Z-test) for weighted least squares regression to estimate GWAS associations (top panel) and −log₁₀(P value for one-sided χ² test with 7–1 degrees of freedom) for Q_SNP tests of heterogeneity (bottom panel) for EXT. Purple dots represent the 579 EXT SNPs that are conditionally and jointly associated (COJO) at genome-wide significance (two-sided P < 5×10⁻⁸) (Supplementary Table 9). White diamonds represent eight of the 579 SNPs that also show significant Q_SNP heterogeneity. Four green and one yellow squares represent five out of the 579 SNPs that also were Bonferroni-significant proxy-phenotype associations with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and antisocial behavior (ASB), respectively (Supplementary Table 11–12). Gene names refer to the closest gene based on genomic location, displayed for a selection of the findings (Supplementary Table 9 reports the nearest gene for all 579 EXT SNPs).