Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of intervention group and control group
| Characteristic | Intervention group (n = 23) | Control group (n = 26) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at T3 (Mean; SD) | 45.7 (11.7) | 52.6 (10.4) | 0.033* |
| Sex (n female; %) | 17 (74) | 12 (46) | 0.048* |
| Years of education (Mean; SD) | 15.4 (3.6) | 15.1 (3.6) | 0.766 |
| Level of education (n; %) | 0.334 | ||
| Low | 4 (17) | 5 (19) | |
| Middle | 4 (17) | 9 (35) | |
| High | 15 (65) | 12 (46) | |
| Physical status (n; %)a | 1.00 | ||
| ASA I/II | 23 (100) | 25 (96) | |
| ASA III/IV | – | 1 (4) | |
| Tumor histology (n; %)b | 0.821 | ||
| Grade 1 meningioma | 13 (57) | 14 (54) | |
| Grade 2 meningioma | 1 (4) | 1 (4) | |
| Grade 2 glioma | 9 (39) | 10 (39) | |
| Grade 3 glioma | – | 1 (4) | |
| Tumor hemispherec (n; %) | 0.681 | ||
| Left | 11 (48) | 11 (42) | |
| Right | 11 (48) | 14 (54) | |
| Bilateral | 1 (4) | 1 (4) | |
| Tumor localizationd | 0.240 | ||
| Frontal | 13 (57) | 11 (42) | |
| Parietal | 3 (13) | 2 (8) | |
| Temporal | 5 (22) | 7 (27) | |
| Occipital | 2 (9) | 1 (4) | |
| Parieto-occipital | 2 (8) | ||
| Temporal-parietal | 1 (4) | ||
| Temporal insular | 2 (8) | ||
| Radiotherapy after surgerya,e (n; %) | 4 (17) | 10 (39) | 0.103 |
| Chemotherapy after surgerye (n; %) | 3 (13) | 7 (27) | 0.299 |
| Psychotropic medication at T3f (n; %) | 11 (48) | 17 (65) | 0.215 |
| Cognitive impairmentg at T3 (n; %) | 16 (70) | 16 (69) | 0.980 |
| Low PRO scoresh at T3 (n; %) | 14 (61) | 18 (69) | 0.539 |
| Involvement of informal caregiver | 16 (70) | 20 (77) | 0.339 |
ASA American Society of Anaesthesiologists, PROs patient reported outcomes
aFisher’s Exact Test was interpreted, since not all cell counts were greater than five
bProportions of patients with meningioma and glioma were compared between groups (not separated by tumor grade)
cPatients with bilateral tumors were excluded for the statistical comparison
dProportions of patients with tumors with frontal involvement (vs. non-frontal involvement) were compared between groups
eDuring study participation (i.e. within one-year post-surgery)
fUse of anti-epileptic drugs, corticosteroid drugs, benzodiazepines, opioids, antipsychotics, stimulants and/or antidepressants
gZ score ≤ − 1.5 on one or more performance-based outcomes
hZ score ≤ − 1.5 on one or more PROs