Table 3. Typical Statistical Measures and Methods for Evaluating the Performance of Survival Prediction Models.

Aspect of Performance	Statistical Measure or Method	Nature of Model Output	Meaning
Discrimination	C index	Time-independent	Agreement between the predicted vs. the observed order of the events
	Time-dependent ROC AUC	Time-dependent	Probability that the model predicts a randomly chosen patient who encountered the event before the specific time point as having higher risk than a randomly chosen patient who did not encounter the event by then
Calibration	Calibration plot (with slope and intercept)	Event probability (time-dependent)	Plot of the event probability values predicted by a model against the observed event probabilities
Overall	Brier score	Time-dependent	Mean squared error of the predicted risks

AUC = area under the curve, ROC = receiver operating characteristic