Table 1. Study and Patient Characteristics.
| Study | Institution | Duration of Patient Recruitment | Patient Characteristics | Study Characteristics | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Patient (n) | Mean Age (Years) | Age Range (Years) | Male:Female | Symptom Duration (Hours) | Precipitating Events (n) | Recurrence (n) | Clinical Diagnosis | Study Design | Consecutive Enrollment | |||
| Higashida et al. [32] | Osaka University Hospital, the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, the National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan | 2006.04–2018.03 | 261 | 65.3 ± 8.6 | NA | 102:159 | NA | 128 | 22 | Hodges and Warlow (older than 20) |
Retrospective, multicenter | NA |
| Shimizu et al. [33] | Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan | NA | 10 | 66.5 ± 6.1 | NA | 4:6 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA, single center | NA |
| Szabo et al. [2] | University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany | 1999.07–2018.08 | 390 | 66.1 ± 7.8 | 37–86 | 154:236 | 3.2 ± 3.64 | 238 | 13 | Hodges and Warlow (emergency department) | Retrospective, single center | Yes |
| Tynas and Panegyres [34] | Joondalup Health Campus, Australia | 2004–2016 | 93 | 59.5 ± 10.3 | 17–78 | 49:44 | 4.5 (IQR: 2–6.5) |
85 | 15 | Hodges and Warlow (emergency department) | Prospective, single center | NA |
| Jain et al. [30] | Calvary Public Hospital, Australia | 2013.10–2016.10 | 12 | 65.7 | 61–74 | 5:7 | NA | NA | NA | Hodges and Warlow | Retrospective, single center | Yes |
| Lanzone et al. [31] | University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Italy | 2010–2018 | 64 | 62.8 ± 9.4 | NA | 27:37 | 4 | 32 | 14 | NA (emergency department) | Retrospective, single center | NA |
| Güngör Tunçer et al. [28] | Istanbul Bilim University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey | 2006.01–2011.01 | 13 | 65 ± 11 | 51–78 | 5:8 | 8 (range: 1–24) |
6 | NA | NA (emergency department) | Retrospective, single center | NA |
| Park et al. [29] | Haeundae Paik Hospital, South Korea | 2020.03–2013.12 | 54 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Hodges and Warlow | NA, single center | Yes |
| Döhring et al. [26] | University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany | 2003–2010 | 108 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Hodges and Warlow (emergency department) | NA, single center | NA |
| Kim et al. [27] | Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea | 2003.06–2011.06 | 145 | 60.6 | 39–80 | 45:100 | 6.1 (range: 0.25–17) |
120 | NA | Hodges and Warlow | NA, single center | Yes |
| Scheel et al. [24] | Major university hospital in Berlin, Germany | 2000.01–2011.07 | 198 | 64.7 ± 8.5 | NA | 75:123 | NA | NA | NA | NA | Retrospective, single center | NA |
| Uttner et al. [25] | University of Ulm, Germany | 2005–2006 | 17 | 68.7 | 55–82 | 6:11 | NA | NA | NA | Caplan | NA, single center | NA |
| Ahn et al. [8] | Asan Medical Center, South Korea | 2003.01–2010.05 | 200 | 60.1 ± 9.3 | NA | 84:116 | 5 (IQR: 3–9) | 104 | 3 | Hodges and Warlow (emergency department) | Retrospective, single center | Yes |
| Auyeung et al. [23] | Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong | 2005.11–2009.11 | 27 | 58.6 ± 7.7 | NA | 9:18 | 6.8 ± 4.8 | 14 | 5 | Caplan, Hodges and Warlow | Retrospective, single center | NA |
| Ueno et al. [22] | Suiseikai Kajikawa Hospital, Japan | NA | 7 | 63 | 57–83 | 2:5 | 11.6 (range: 4–21) |
NA | 0 | Caplan, Hodges and Warlow | Prospective, single center | NA |
| Lee et al. [21] | Yonsei University College of Medicine, South Korea | NA | 41 | 60.7 ± 9.6 | 26–81 | 10:31 | 6.1 ± 3.7 (range: 1–13) |
NA | 2 | NA | Retrospective, single center | NA |
| Alberici et al. [19] | C. Mondino Institute of Neurology Foundation, Italy | 2004.05–2008.05 | 21 | 66 ± 7 | 52–84 | 9:12 | NA | NA | NA | Caplan, Hodges and Warlow | Retrospective, single center | NA |
| Enzinger et al. [20] | Medical University Graz, Austria | 2002.01–2006.12 | 86 | 65.9 ± 10.9 | 25.6–84.8 | 33:53 | NA | NA | NA | Hodges and Warlow | Retrospective, single center | Yes |
| Winbeck et al. [18] | Technical University of Munich, Germany | 2000.06–2003.06 | 28 | 61.5 | 57.5–65.5 | 13:15 | 6.1 (range: 4.3–8.0) |
27 | NA | Caplan, Hodges and Warlow | Prospective, single center | NA |
| Sedlaczek et al. [7] | University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany | NA | 31 | 64 ± 7 | 44–83 | 15:16 | 4.6 (range: 0.5–12) |
12 | NA | Caplan | Prospective, single center | Yes |
| Huber et al. [17] | University of Ulm, Germany | 1998.01–2001.01 | 10 | 63 ± 9 | 41–71 | 5:5 | NA | 0 | 2 | Caplan | Retrospective, single center | NA |
| Strupp et al. [6] | Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich | 1994–1996 | 10 | 59.2 | 53–71 | 7:3 | 12.8 (range: 3–24) |
7 | 0 | Hodges and Warlow | Prospective, single center | NA |
IQR = interquartile range, NA = not available