Table 3.

The hierarchical linear regression analysis of anxiety.

	Anxiety
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Block 1 Demographic Characteristics
Grade (Freshman vs. Sophomore and above)	-0.103*	-0.116**	-0.109**
Gender (male vs. female)	-0.081*	-0.107**	-0.061*
Age (<20 vs.≥20)	0.051	0.082*	0.083*
Fathers’ education (Secondary and below vs. Junior college and above)	-0.036	-0.008	-0.010
Mothers’ Education (Secondary and below vs. Junior college and above)	0.005	0.023	0.034
Monthly income (≤5000 vs. >5000)	0.065	0.054	0.038
Major (Clinical medicine vs. Others)	0.001	-0.025	-0.026
Adapting to Online Classes(Yes vs. No)	0.292**	0.216**	0.161**
Online learning time (<6 vs. ≥6)	-0.088*	-0.072*	-0.035
Block 2 Problematic smartphone use		0.433**	0.268**
Block 3 Sleep disturbance			0.428**
R²	0.117	0.295	0.441
ΔR²	0.117	0.178	0.146

*Significant at the 0.05 level (two-tailed); ** Significant at the 0.01 level (two-tailed)