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. 2021 Sep 17;12:699389. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699389

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Copyright © 2021 Singh, Diwaker, Singh and Singh

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Zinc sufficiency of the socially similar European populations correlated with COVID-19 mortality. Study populations: (A) Zn sufficiency estimates, (B, C) deaths and cases/million (April 26). [Note: Global maps [18] displayed color scheme variations performed using “Inkscape”]. Deaths (D) and cases (E) per million population positively correlated with their Zn sufficiency levels. (F) For the group of countries with different Zn sufficiency (suff.) the interim case fatality ratio [i-CFR or Avg. CFR = (reported deaths/reported cases) * 100] remained different throughout the period after peaking in May 2020. (G) Fold change in the relative CFR for high suff. with respect to low suff. countries have been registering a steady increase while the gap for cases has kept shrinking.