Table 2.

Effect of PL-02 on lactate levels.

Time point	Vehicle	PL-02-1X	PL-02-2X	PL-02-5X	Trend Analysis
Lactate (mmol/L)
Before swimming (A)	3.15 ± 0.54	3.13 ± 0.36	3.17 ± 0.33	3.19 ± 0.32	0.6067
After swimming (B)	7.78 ± 0.70c	5.67 ± 0.78b	4.90 ± 0.55a	4.65 ± 0.52a	< 0.0001*
After a 20 min rest (C)	6.30 ± 0.56c	4.58 ± 0.54b	3.87 ± 0.42a	3.46 ± 0.34a	< 0.0001*
Rate of lactate production and clearance
Production rate = B/A	2.51 ± 0.22c	1.80 ± 0.08b	1.55 ± 0.09a	1.46 ± 0.09a	< 0.0001*
Clearance rate = (B-C)/B	0.19 ± 0.04a	0.19 ± 0.04a	0.21 ± 0.04a	0.25 ± 0.03b	< 0.0001*

Lactate production rate (B/A) was the value of the lactate level after exercise (B) divided by that before exercise (A). Clearance rate (B − C)/B was defined as lactate level after swimming (B) minus that after 20 min rest (C) divided by that after swimming (B). Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 10 mice per group). Values in the same row with different superscript letters (a, b, c, d) differ significantly, p < 0.05.