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. 2021 Sep 30;11:19473. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98393-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Clutch size (i.e. offspring per parasitized host egg) and (b) total number of offspring per female A. flavipes under different conditions: fictitious host plant with 50% rate of an unsuitable host (broad-leaved dock, 6 eggs of Oulema sp., 6 eggs of Gastrophysa viridula); usual host plant, low host density (crop, 6 eggs of Oulema sp.); usual host plant, high host density (crop, 12 eggs of Oulema sp.). Mean values and 95% confidence interval.