Table 2:
A summary of the nine chemicals identified as EDCs by the Danish Center on Endocrine Disruptors in 2018.
| EDC | Source | Adverse Effects | Mode of Action |
Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bisphenol AF | Polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, food containers, dental fillings, medical devices, eyeglass lenses, thermal paper receipts, electronics | Decreased fertility | Estrogenic | Catenza et al. (2021) |
| Deltamethrin | Pyrethroid ester insecticide | Malformations of male reproductive organs including the testis | Androgen Receptor Antagonist | Hodgson & Rose (2007), Ismail & Mohamed (2012) |
| Di-n-pentylphthalate (DnPP) | Additive in polyvinylchloride (PVC) and other plastics. No longer in use. | Decreased AGD; Increased nipple retention in male rats; Decreased sperm count; Malformations of male reproductive organs | Anti-Estrogenic | Gangolli (1982), Hannas et al. (2011) |
| Fenitrothion | Organophosphate insecticide | Decreased AGD; Increased nipple retention in male rats; Malformations of the testis sperm, and male reproductive organs; Reduced testosterone | Anti-Androgenic | Curtis (2001) |
| Isobutyl Paraben | Preservatives in personal care products and pharmaceuticals; food preservatives | Decreased sperm count and motility; altered sexually dimorphic behavior | Estrogenic | Kawaguchi et al. (2010), Gonzalez et al. (2018) |
| Prochloraz | Imidazol fungicide; Not authorized for use in the US. | Skewed sex ratios in fish and amphibians; Disrupted sex determination in fish and amphibians | Aromatase inhibitor; Anti-Androgenic; Anti-Estrogenic | Vinggaard et al. (2006) |
| Salicylic Acid | Phenolic acid; aspirin; personal care products | Reduced spermatogenesis | Anti-Androgenic | Kristensen et al. (2016) |
| Triclocarban (TCC) | Antibacterial; Soaps, lotions and other personal care products; Largely phased out of use | Increased weight of male accessory sex organs | Androgenic | Rochester et al. (2017) |
| Tris(methylphenyl) phosphate | Organophosphate used as a flame retardant and in lacquers, varnishes and as a plasticizer. | Reduced fertility/fecundity in adult males | Disrupted steroidogenesis; Elevates circulating estrogen levels | Reers et al. (2016) |