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. 2021 Sep 30;11:19520. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98852-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Collagen cross-linking inhibition and reduced collagen 1α2 impair blood vessel formation. Vascular development (ECs - green) in the zebrafish embryo at 5dpf in a control animals (a, a’, a’’ and c, c’, c’’) versus BAPN-treated (b, b’, b’’) and NFP-treated (d, d’, d’’) animals is documented. a’/a’’ shows normal caudal plexus formation with horizontal capillaries connecting the intersegmental vessels (ISV; a’, a’’, white arrow) and subintestinal vein (SIV) (a’, asterisk). The BAPN-treated animals show an underdeveloped plexus with absent SIV (b’, asterisk) and an impairment in the formation of capillaries connecting ISV (b’, b’’, red arrows). c–c’’ show normal caudal plexus formation with capillaries connecting ISV (white arrows) and multiple active cells producing collagen 1α2 (in red). Upon NFP treatment, active collagen 1α2 producing cells are absent (d–d’’) and the formation of horizontal capillaries connecting the ISV is impaired (d’, d’’, red arrows). ISV - intersegmental vessels, SIV - subintestinal vein; images are acquired by fluorescent reflected light microscopy.