Table 2.
Relative Index of Inequality in handgrip strength by years of schooling and wealth quintile among older adults aged 50+, WHO-SAGE Wave 1 (2007/10).
| Country | Men | Women | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schooling | Wealth quintile | Schooling | Wealth quintile | |
| RII | RII | RII | RII | |
| Age-adjusted | ||||
| China | 3.66*** (2.35,4.98) | 4.88*** (3.77,5.99) | 0.96* (− 0.044,1.96) | 2.4*** (1.51,3.29) |
| Ghana | − 0.12 (− 1.91,1.66) | 3.31*** (1.33,5.28) | 1.43 (− 0.55,3.41) | 1.27 (− 0.66,3.22) |
| India | 1.61** (0.16,3.06) | 4.03*** (2.64,5.43) | 1.89* (− 0.093,3.88) | 0.97 (− 0.40,2.35) |
| Mexico | 2.37 (− 0.69,5.45) | 3.29*** (1.18,5.40) | − 0.96 (− 2.84,0.92) | 2.35*** (1.00,3.70) |
| Russia | 2.75 (− 0.54,6.06) | 3.82*** (1.37,6.27) | 3.04*** (1.27,4.82) | 2.45*** (1.11, 3.79) |
| South Africa | 2.21 (− 2.73, 7.16) | 4.9** (0.37,9.42) | 3.83** (0.10, 7.56) | 3.38* (− 0.19,6.96) |
| Fully adjusteda | ||||
| China | 3.19*** (1.87,4.51) | 4.01*** (2.89,5.14) | 0.91* (− 0.097,1.93) | 2.13*** (1.23,3.03) |
| Ghana | 0.40 (− 1.35,2.16) | 2.32** (0.25,4.39) | 1.08 (− 0.86,3.03) | 0.17 (− 1.82,2.18) |
| India | 1.07* (− 0.195,2.34) | 2.60*** (1.36,3.84) | 1.67* (− 0.08,3.43) | 0.53 (− 0.70,1.77) |
| Mexico | 1.90 (− 1.29,5.10) | 2.70** (0.55,4.86) | − 1.32 (− 3.24,.60) | 1.77** (0.37,3.16) |
| Russia | 2.61 (− 0.74,5.98) | 2.5* (− 0.07,5.07) | 2.6*** (0.84,4.37) | 1.38*** (0.004,2.76) |
| South Africa | 1.74 (− 3.21,6.70) | 1.92 (− 2.86,6.70) | 3.61* (− 0.18,7.41) | 1.57 (− 2.10,5.25) |
CI confidence interval.
aRegression analyses were adjusted for age, place of residence, BMI, work status, self-rated health and multimorbidity.
***p < 0.001, **p < 0.005, *p < 0.01.