Table 3.
Association of handgrip strength (kg) with selected measures of intrinsic capacity among men and women aged 50 + in six middle-income countries, WHO-SAGE Wave 1 (2007/10).
| Outcomes | China | Ghana | India | Mexico | Russia | South Africa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | |||||||
| Locomotiona | Walking speed | − 0.013*** (− 0.013,− 0.010) | − 0.03** (− 0.05,− 0.005) | 0.04*** (0.02,0.05) | 0.011 (− 0.02,0.042) | − 0.031** (− 0.05,− 0.006) | − .024** (− 0.04,− 0.001) |
| Psychologicalb | Depression | 1.00 (0.98,1.02) | 0.93*** (0.92,0.95) | 0.97** (0.96,0.99) | 1.00 (0.95,1.05) | 0.97* (0.94,1.00) | 0.99 (0.98,1.01) |
| Psychologicala | Perceived stress | − 0.11*** (− 0.16,− 0.05) | − 0.09*** (− 0.17,− 0.02) | − 0.004 (− 0.10,0.09) | − 0.02 (− 0.20,0.15) | − 0.24*** (− 0.35,− 0.13) | − 0.09** (− 0.17,− 0.02) |
| Cognitiona | Cognition score | 0.09*** (0.06, 0.12) | 0.13*** (0.10,0.17) | 0.12*** (0.08,0.15) | 0.08** (0.006,0.16) | 0.17*** (0.12,0.23) | 0.08*** (0.05,0.11) |
| Sensoryb | Vision loss | 0.97*** (0.97, 0.98) | 0.97*** (0.96,0.98) | 0.99** (0.98,0.99) | 0.97** (0.95,0.99) | 1.0 (0.99,1.02) | 0.99* (0.98,1.00) |
| Vitalitya | Lung function (FVC) | 0.011*** (0.009, 0.013) | 0.019*** (0.015,0.024) | 0.016*** (0.004,0.02) | 0.004 (− 0.01,0.024) | 0.027*** (0.007,0.046) | 0.008*** (0.004,0.012) |
| Women | |||||||
| Locomotiona | Walking speed | − 0.014*** (− 0.01,− 0.01) | − 0.05*** (− 0.08,− 0.02) | 0.06*** (0.04,0.08) | 0.04** (0.006,0.08) | − 0.055*** (− 0.08,− 0.022) | − 0.005 (− 0.02,0.015) |
| Psychologicalb | Depression | 0.99 (0.97,1.01) | 0.90*** (0.88,0.92) | 0.97*** (0.95,0.99) | 0.97* (0.94,1.00) | 0.97*** (0.95,0.99) | 1.0 (0.99,1.01) |
| Psychologicala | Perceived stress | − 0.12*** (− 0.18,− 0.06) | − 0.06 (− 0.14,0.02) | − 0.12** (− 0.22,− 0.018) | − 0.27*** (− 0.48,− 0.07) | − 0.26*** (− 0.37,− 0.15) | 0.001 (− 0.06,0.07) |
| Cognitiona | Cognition score | 0.08*** (0.05,0.11) | 0.10*** (0.06,0.13) | 0.07*** (0.04,0.11) | 0.07* (− 0.007,0.15) | 0.19*** (0.13,0.25) | 0.13*** (0.10,0.16) |
| Sensoryb | Vision loss | 0.97*** (0.97,0.98) | 0.98** (0.97,0.99) | 0.99 (0.98,1.00) | 1.00 (0.98,1.02) | 0.99 (0.98,1.01) | 0.98*** (0.98,0.99) |
| Vitalitya | Lung function (FVC) | 0.008*** (0.006,0.010) | 0.013*** (0.008,0.018) | 0.005 (− 0.007,0.019) | − 0.03** (− 0.05,− 0.006) | 0.009 (− 0.009,0.029) | 0.010*** (0.006,0.013) |
FVC forced vital capacity.
All regression analyses were adjusted for age, place of residence, years of schooling, wealth quintile, work status, body mass index, self-rated health and multimorbidity.
aResults are presented in coefficient with 95% confidence interval.
bResults are presented in odds ratio with 95% confidence interval.
***p < 0.001, **p < 0.005, *p < 0.01.