Fig. 5.

EcNL4 ameliorated colitis better than wild-type EcN in mouse models. a Body weight dynamics of the mice with colitis. The illustration above shows the mouse type, numbers, gavage, and model construction strategies. Mouse body weights were monitored every day. Feces were collected 3 days after administration. The NC group was normal mice gavaged with PBS. Statistical analysis was conducted between the EcNL4 group and the heaviest group (EcN group). b Physiological and histological results of the mice with colitis. The upper figure shows H&E staining of colon slices. The lower figure illustrates the colon length of the mice. c, d The figures show the statistical index results of the figures mentioned in b. e Occult blood level in mouse feces. f Mouse colon tissue MPO activities. g Blood cytokine levels. IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were determined in the groups. h Fecal 3HB concentrations in the DSS-treated mice. i Gut SCFA concentrations in the DSS-treated mice. SCFA titers were calculated by accumulating formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate concentrations. All data represent the mean value of 5 biologically independent samples. Error bars indicate standard deviations. Two-tailed Student’s t tests were performed to determine statistical significance for comparisons. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001