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. 2021 Sep 30;12:5745. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26053-w

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© The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Schematic of the PV-EC system. b Photovoltaic and electrocatalytic I-V behaviors. The photovoltaic performance is shown under light (green) with the MPP marked by a red dot. The measured operating current of the CO₂ electrolysis system (cathode, anode, and anion exchange membrane) at different voltages has been marked by the purple curve. The observed long-term operating point is marked by a blue dot, with the black dashed lines showing the corresponding current and voltage. c Faradaic efficiency towards ethylene and C2+ products, solar current, and solar conversion efficiency as a function of reaction time. Carbon feedstocks include CO, methane, ethylene, ethanol, and n-propanol. C2+ products include ethylene, ethanol, and n-propanol.