TABLE 2.

The effects of pH on inflammatory mediators in macrophages (Kellum et al., 2004).

Acid	pHo1	Cells	LPS2	Effect	References
HCl	6.5	Alveolar macrophages	+	↑TNF3 mRNA	Heming et al., 2001a
HCl	5.5	Alveolar macrophages	+	↑TNF mRNA ↓TNF secretion	Heming et al., 2001a
HCl	5.5	RAW 264.7 cell line4	+	No ΔTNF mRNA ↓TNF secretion	Heming et al., 2001b
HCl	7.0	Alveolar macrophages	+	↓TNF secretion	Bidani et al., 1998
HCl	7.0	Peritoneal macrophages	–	↑NO5, ↑TNF6, ↑NF-κB7	Bellocq et al., 1998
HCl	7.2	RAW 264.7 cell line	+	↑NO	Huang et al., 2002
Lactate	6.7	Peritoneal macrophages	+	↑TNF mRNA ↑TNF secretion	Jensen et al., 1990
DS8	6.0	Peritoneal macrophages	+	↓TNF mRNA ↓TNF secretion	Jörres et al., 1995
DS8	6.5	Human blood-borne macrophages	+	↓TNF mRNA ↓NF-κB	Douvdevani et al., 1995

¹pH_o, extracellular pH.

²LPS, lipopolysaccharide.

³TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

⁴RAW 264.7, mouse macrophage-like cell line.

⁵NO, nitric oxide.

⁶TNF not measured directly.

⁷NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB.

⁸DS, lactate-based dialysis solution.