Table 2.
Changes in LG, MG, and AT stiffness and ankle dorsiflexion ROM before and after the intervention.
| Foam roller group M±SD | Control group M±SD | p | Cohen’s d | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LG | Pre(N/m) | 333.8±43.6 | 334.4±46.5 | 0.963 | -- |
| Post(N/m) | 288.4±43.6 | 330.4±47.9 | 0.002** | 0.917 | |
| % Change | −13.3±10.1 | −1.0±7.7 | 0.001** | 1.370 | |
| MG | Pre(N/m) | 319.2±40.4 | 322.8±43.5 | 0.760 | -- |
| Post(N/m) | 276.8±48.5 | 320.8±52.0 | 0.003** | 0.875 | |
| % Change | −13.3±9.4 | −0.8±7.1 | 0.001** | 1.500 | |
| AT | Pre(N/m) | 637.8±85.5 | 645.5±74.6 | 0.736 | -- |
| Post(N/m) | 626.3±73.1 | 652.0±78.4 | 0.238 | -- | |
| % Change | −1.2±9.4 | 1.0±3.7 | 0.284 | -- | |
| ROM | Pre(cm) | 14.4±0.8 | 14.5±1.1 | 0.720 | -- |
| Post(cm) | 16.1±1.0 | 14.5±1.1 | 0.001** | 1.509 | |
| % Change | 11.4±4.8 | −0.3±1.4 | 0.001** | 3.309 |
Pre, before the foam roller intervention; Post, after the foam roller intervention; CI, confidence interval; ROM, range of motion; MG, medial gastrocnemius; LG, lateral gastrocnemius; and AT, Achilles tendon;
**
p<0.01.