Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of Study Infants (n = 2,115), Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (Children Born 1998–2000)

Variable	Prevalence, %	Mean (SD)
Unstable housing during pregnancy
Poor housing quality during pregnancy	0.96
No. of prenatal visits		8.65 (4.16)
No. of hospitalizations during pregnancy (excluding the birth)		0.66 (0.96)
Maternal self-rated health (5-point Likert scale)		3.79 (0.97)
Maternal disability	1.71
History of maternal mental health problems	13.74
Multiple birth	1.54
Maternal age, years		24.63 (5.66)
Single parent	43.47
Parental relationship quality (scale from 3–15)		9.32 (6.41)
No. of children in household		1.64 (1.08)
Male child sex (binary)	52.28
Income as proportion of federal poverty line		1.6 (1.63)
Maternal education
<High school	41.95
High school	30.73
Some college	22.33
College	4.99
Parental smoking
Nonsmoker	65.36
<1 pack/day	27.28
1–2 packs/day	6.15
≥3 packs/day	1.22
Health insurance type
Publicly insured	71.48
Privately insured	21.81
Uninsured	6.71
Maternal race/ethnicity
Black	50.77
Hispanic	31.67
Other race/ethnicity	3.74
White	13.82

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.