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. 2021 Feb 15;190(7):1225–1233. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwab033

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Rate of change in global cognitive score over 17 years among carriers of the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE*E4) (A) and APOE*E4 noncarriers (B) according to their adherence to healthy lifestyle factors, Chicago Health and Aging Project, 1993–2012. A behavior was classified as “healthy” if it met the following criterion: 1) MIND diet score (without alcohol) in the top 40% of the cohort distribution; 2) cognitive activities in the top 40% of the cohort distribution; 3) not being a current smoker; 4) moderate or vigorous exercise for ≥150 minutes/week; and 5) light-to-moderate alcohol consumption (1–15 g/day for women and 1–30 g/day for men). APOE*E4 carriers with 0–1 healthy lifestyle factors had a rate of cognitive change of −0.116 units/year, and those with 4–5 healthy factors had a rate of −0.087 units/year. APOE*E4 noncarriers with 0–1 healthy lifestyle factors had a rate of cognitive change of −0.071 units/year, and those with 4–5 healthy factors had a rate of −0.058 units/year. MIND, Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay.