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. 2021 Sep 17;9:723559. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.723559

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Copyright © 2021 Gundogdu, Okhunov, Cristofaro, Starek, Veneri, Orabi, Jiang, Sullivan and Mauney.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immunohistochemical evaluations of neconduit maturation and control tissues. Representative photomicrographs of selective protein expression in peripheral and central regions of neotissues at 12 weeks post-op as well as in control groups: NSC, IPC, and IDC. Markers of interest include smooth muscle contractile proteins (α-SMA, SM22α), epithelial proteins (pan-CK, UP3A), as well as vascular (CD31) and innervation (S100) proteins. For all panels, respective marker expression is labeled in red (Alexa Fluor 594 labeling) with DAPI nuclear counterstain displayed in blue. Scale bars = 400 µm in each panel. Representative results for Pigs 1–5. Control specimens (NSC, IPC, and IDC) were procured from Pig 2. a-SMA, a-smooth muscle actin; CK, cytokeratin; DAPI, 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenyllindole; UP3A, uroplakin 3A.