Table 4.

The moderation model of hardiness.

Outcome variable	Predictor variable	R2	F	B	t	LLCI	ULCI
Self-handicapping		0.26	15.82***
	Sex			0.04	0.73	−0.93	2.04
	Grade			0.02	0.49	−0.71	1.18
	Academic anxiety			0.07	3.55***	0.21	0.72
	Procrastination			0.41	7.61***	0.21	0.36
	Hardiness			0.05	0.91	−0.03	0.08
	Academic anxiety × hardiness			−0.09	−3.19**	−0.04	−0.01
	Procrastination × hardiness			0.27	3.48***	0	0.01

N = 320.

^**p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001. LL, Low limit; CI, 95% confidence interval; UL, upper limit.