TABLE 1.
Tissue and serum levels of copper in normal and cancer patients (***p ≤ 0.001, **p ≤ 0.01, *p ≤ 0.05).
| Cancer type | Number of Samples | Tissue Copper levels (µg/g) (mean ± SD | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal tissue | Tumor tissue | Normal tissue | Tumor tissue | ||
| Breast | 25 (matched pair) | 25 (matched pair) | 9.3 ± 2.3 | 21.0 ± 10.7*** | Rizk and Sky-Peck (1984) |
| 68 (matched pair) | 68 (matched pair) | 6.13 ± 4.32 | 11.31 ± 7.83** | Kuo et al. (2002) | |
| Gynaecologic organs | 47 | 53 | 1.26 ± 0.45 | 2.16 ± 0.6** | Margalioth et al. (1983) |
| Ovarian | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.3** | Yaman et al. (2007) | ||
| Lung | 100 | 64 | 5.08 ± 1.09 | 8.23 ± 4.88** | Diez et al. (1989a) |
| Stomach | 47 | 53 | 1.44 ± 0.38 | 2.09 ± 0.52* | Margalioth et al. (1983) |
| 4, 14 (matched pair) | 14 (matched pair) | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.1** | Yaman et al. (2007) | |
| Gallbladder | 30 (sex matched) | 30 | 16.30 ± 7.28 | 21.01 ± 6.67** | Basu et al. (2013) |
| Colorectal cancer | 50 | 50 | 0.12 ± 0.05 | 0.17 ± 0.08 | Sohrabi et al. (2018) |
| Number of Samples | Serum levels of copper (µg/dl) (mean ± SD | ||||
| Normal level | Cancer patients | Normal level | Cancer patients | ||
| Breast | 21 | 8 | 96 ± 11.52 | 152.96 ± 21.76* | Zowczak et al. (2001) |
| 20 (normal) | 56 (carcinoma) 32 (benign) | 101.62 ± 10 | 115.9 ± 14.4** | Feng et al. (2012) | |
| 54 | 54 | 109.56 ± 30.71 | 202.21 ± 89.18*** | Pavithra et al. (2015) | |
| 25 | 68 | 96.5 ± 7.3 | 125.2 ± 15.0** | Kuo et al. (2002) | |
| 30 | 30 | 65.2 ± 15.0 | 95.3 ± 4.9** | Adeoti et al. (2015) | |
| 84 | 88 | 113.2 ± 13.6 | 137.2 ± 36.2*** | Ding et al. (2015) | |
| Leukaemia | 20 | 49 | 86.7 ± 25.3 | 139.9 ± 51.2*** | Zuo et al. (2006) |
| 40 | 42 | 104.7 ± 0.16 | 122.6 ± 0.18*** | Demir et al. (2011) | |
| 40 | 50 | 124.22 ± 10.36 | 146.25 ± 10.47** | Mehdi et al. (2015) | |
| 21 | 12 | 114 ± 29 | 328 ± 74** | Carpentieri et al. (1986) | |
| 13 | 14 | 126.8 ± 21.2 | 256.8 ± 73.8*** | Delves et al. (1973) | |
| Lung | 53 | 109 | 101.1 ± 7.96 | 128.6 ± 6.85* | Oyama et al. (1994) |
| 154 | 154 | 128.5 ± 5.23 | 162.4 ± 8.18** | Jin et al. (2011) | |
| 100 | 20 (benign) 64(malignant) | 112.5 ± 17 | 150.3 ± 33.3*** | (Diez et al. 1989a; Diez et al. 1989b) | |
| Oral | 66 | 60 | 114.20 ± 38.69 | 209.85 ± 160.28*** | Baharvand et al. (2014) |
| 30 | 40 | 105.5 ± 18.81 | 141.99 ± 21.44*** | Tiwari et al. (2016) | |
| Gastrointestinal | 21 | 26 | 96 ± 11.52 | 128.64 ± 20.48* | Zowczak et al. (2001) |
| Thyroid | 20 | 30 | 75.5 ± 8.1 | 85.4 ± 8.7* | Baltaci et al. (2017) |
| Gall bladder | 30 | 30 | 125.97 ± 38.93 | 159.19 ± 24.04*** | Basu et al. (2013) |
| Prostrate | 30 | 22 | 97 ± 22 | 169 ± 31*** | Saleh et al. (2020) |
| Colorectal | 966 (matched pair) | 966 (matched pair) | 135.8 ± 30.5 | 138.6 ± 30.8** | Stepien et al. (2017) |
| Gynaecological | 20 | 100 | 44 ± 0.2 | 179 ± 8.3** | Cetinkaya et al. (1988) |