Table 3.
Univariate and stepwise multivariate Cox hazard analysis of risk factors for mortality in sepsis before matching.
| Parameters | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95%CI | P | HR | 95%CI | P | |
| Age>65 years | 2.281 | 1.934–2.692 | <0.001 | 2.169 | 1.829–2.572 | <0.001 |
| Weight | 0.993 | 0.989–0.996 | <0.001 | |||
| Gender (male) | 0.924 | 0.798–1.071 | 0.294 | |||
| Race | ||||||
| Race white | 0.929 | 0.793–1.089 | 0.364 | |||
| Race black | 0.760 | 0.580–0.997 | 0.047 | |||
| Race Hispanic | 0.440 | 0.236–0.822 | 0.010 | 0.536 | 0.286–1.004 | 0.051 |
| Race other | 1.440 | 1.205–1.722 | <0.001 | 1.391 | 1.158–1.671 | <0.001 |
| Preexisting medical conditions | ||||||
| Malignancy | 2.141 | 1.837–2.495 | <0.001 | 1.821 | 1.544–2.146 | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 1.530 | 1.205–1.944 | <0.001 | 1.604 | 1.258–2.044 | <0.001 |
| AFIB | 1.520 | 1.303–1.773 | <0.001 | - | ||
| CAD | 1.047 | 0.901–1.281 | 0.427 | |||
| Renal disease | 1.337 | 1.129–1.583 | 0.001 | |||
| Elixhauser comorbidity index | 1.019 | 1.008–1.031 | 0.001 | |||
| Respiratory rate (> 30 beats/min) | 1.441 | 1.244–1.670 | <0.001 | 1.442 | 1.242–1.675 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (> 100 beats/min) | 1.100 | 0.942–1.284 | 0.227 | - | ||
| Laboratory parameters within the first 24 h of ICU admission | ||||||
| INR levels at >1.5 | 1.486 | 1.279–1.725 | <0.001 | 1.217 | 1.038–1.426 | 0.016 |
| Maximum platelet levels (10∧9/L) | ||||||
| Platelet ≥ 250 | ||||||
| Platelet at 150~249 | 0.805 | 0.680–0.953 | 0.012 | 0.791 | 0.668–0.938 | 0.007 |
| Platelet at 100~149 | 1.041 | 0.826–1.312 | 0.735 | 0.877 | 0.691–1.112 | 0.278 |
| Platelet at 50~99 | 1.043 | 0.748–1.453 | 0.806 | 1.274 | 0.815–1.990 | 0.288 |
| Platelet at <50 | 1.575 | 1.023–2.426 | 0.039 | 1.442 | 1.242–1.675 | <0.001 |
| Maximum lactate levels (mmol/L) | ||||||
| Lactate at 0–2 | ||||||
| Lactate at 2.1–4 | 1.233 | 1.035–1.469 | 0.019 | 1.121 | 0.938–1.339 | 0.208 |
| Lactate at 4.1–10 | 1.492 | 1.225–1.816 | <0.001 | 1.219 | 0.991–1.500 | 0.061 |
| Lactate at >10 | 3.616 | 2.663–4.910 | <0.001 | 2.605 | 1.880–3.609 | <0.001 |
| Maximum Bicarbonate levels | - | |||||
| Bicarbonate levels at 22–29 | ||||||
| Bicarbonate levels at <22 | 1.610 | 1.369–1.892 | 0.001 | 1.375 | 1.162–1.626 | <0.001 |
| Bicarbonate levels at >29 | 1.365 | 1.008–1.714 | 0.007 | 1.434 | 1.140–1.804 | 0.002 |
| AKI KDIGO stage | ||||||
| AKI at 1 stage | 1.113 | 0.892–1.388 | 0.342 | |||
| AKI at 2 stage | 1.653 | 1.361–2.008 | <0.001 | |||
| AKI at 3 stage | 1.704 | 1.369–2.120 | <0.001 | |||
| Mechanical ventilation | 1.297 | 1.118–1.506 | 0.001 | 1.281 | 1.093–1.501 | 0.002 |
| Sedative drug usage | 1.099 | 0.948–1.273 | 0.210 | |||
| The use of vasoactive drug | 1.475 | 1.273–1.709 | <0.001 | |||
| Serum total bilirubin levels during the course of disease (mg/dL) | ||||||
| Serum total bilirubin at 0–1.9 mg/dL | ||||||
| Serum total bilirubin at 2–4.9 mg/dL | 0.977 | 0.772–1.235 | 0.844 | 0.830 | 0.651–1.058 | 0.132 |
| Serum total bilirubin at 5–10 mg/dL | 1.616 | 1.216–2.147 | 0.001 | 1.396 | 1.040–1.875 | 0.027 |
| Serum total bilirubin at >10 mg/dL | 2.203 | 1.525–3.182 | <0.001 | 1.287 | 0.877–1.888 | 0.197 |
AFIB atrial fibrillation, INR International Normalized Ratio, BUN blood urea nitrogen, KDIGO the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes.