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. 2021 Jul 22;14:100221. doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100221

Table 3.

Unadjusted and adjusted percentage (and 95% confidential intervals) of children developmentally on track in three regions

Shanghai Most-developed Region(MDR) Least-developed Region(LDR)
Unadjusted Adjusted Unadjusted Adjusted Unadjusted Adjusted
Total1 86% (85%,87%) 86% (85%,87%) 82% (81%,83%) 82% (81%,83%) 71% (70%,72%) 71% (70%,72%)
Gender/sex
Male 84% (83%,85%) 86% (85%,87%) 80% (79%,80%) 79% (77%,81%) 68% (67%,69%) 67% (62%,71%)
Female 88% (87%,89%) 91% (91%,92%) 85% (84%,86%) 84% (83%,86%) 74% (73%,75%) 73% (69%,77%)
Income
Poorest 76% (74%,78%) 83% (81%,85%) 72% (70%,74%) 77% (74%,79%) 58% (56%,59%) 63% (58%,68%)
Richest 93% (92%,94%) 92% (92%,94%) 89% (87%,90%) 86% (85%,88%) 87% (85%,88%) 78% (74%,82%)
Maternal schooling
Middle school or under 74% (71%,78%) 83% (81%,85%) 74% (72%,75%) 78% (76%,80%) 60% (59%,61%) 65% (61%,70%)
College or above 89% (88%,90%) 91% (90%,91%) 89% (88%,90%) 85% (83%,87%) 84% (83%,85%) 75% (70%,80%)
Hukou
Rural Not applicable Not applicable 78% (77%,79%) 81% (79%,82%) 65% (64%,66%) 69% (65%,74%)
Urban Not applicable Not applicable 0.88 (87%,89%) 83% (82%,85%) 0.82 (81%,82%) 71% (66%,75%)
Migrant
Migrant children 68% (63%,73%) 85% (82%,89%) Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Non-migrant children 87% (87%,88%) 89% (88%,90%) Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Left-behind
Left-behind children Not applicable Not applicable 67% (62%,74%) 72% (67%,78%) 54% (50%,58%) 61% (56%,65%)
Non-left-behind children Not applicable Not applicable 79% (78%,79%) 79% (77%,81%) 66% (65%,67%) 65% (61%,70%)

Notes:

Difference of total percentage of children developmentally on track is statistically significant with pos-hoc comparison between Shanghai and MDR (P<0.0001), Shanghai and LDR (P<0.0001), MDR and LDR (P<0.0001) at a significance level of .05.