Table 1.
Overview of sex- and gender-stratified assessed outcome variables in all studies.
| Variable | Frequency total (group specific results) |
|---|---|
| Main outcomes | |
| COVID-19 specific fear, anxiety, or worry | 17 (1 m/15 w/0 d/1 n.s.) |
| Health anxiety | 1 (1 w) |
| General anxiety (state & trait) | 30 (2 m/22 w/1 d/5 n.s.) |
| Depression symptoms | 31 (0 m/22 w/2 d/7 n.s.)* |
| Suicidal ideation | 5 (1 m/2 w/0 d/2 n.s.) |
| Peri- & post-traumatic stress symptoms | 12 (3 m/6 w/0 d/3 n.s.) |
| Insomnia and sleep problems | 6 (1 m/3 w/0 d/2 n.s.) |
| Stress | 26 (0 m/21 w/2 d/3 n.s.)* |
| Fatigue/burnout | 2 (2 w) |
| Somatic symptom load | 5 (0 m/2 w/1 d/2 n.s.)* |
| Other mental disorders | 1 (1 n.s.) |
| Loneliness | 1 (1 d)* |
| Positive mental health, well-being, life satisfaction | 3 (2 m/0 w/0 d/1 n.s.) |
| Resilience | 1 (1 m) |
| Mindfulness | 1 (1 w) |
| Additional outcomes | |
| Hospitalization | 1 (1 m) |
| Perceived high susceptibility to COVID-19 | 9 (1 m/5 w/0 d/3 n.s.) |
| Time spent with COVID-19 news | 3 (0 m/1 w/0 d/2 n.s.) |
| Use of general stress coping strategies during COVID-19 | 4 (0 m/2 w/0 d/2 n.s.) |
| Worse diet & eating behavior | 3 (3 w) |
| Smoking habit | 1 (1 n.s.) |
| Alcohol consumption | 1 (1 w) |
| Physical activity | 3 (2 m/0 w/0 d/1 n.s.) |
| Confidence in use of coping strategy | 5 (1 m/4 w/0 d/0 n.s.) |
| Belief in having sufficient knowledge & information about COVID-19 | 3 (1 m/0 w/0 d/2 n.s.) |
| COVID-19 guideline adherence/ preventive measures | 12 (1 m/10 w/0 d/1 n.s.) |
Group specific results reported in parentheses indicate which group reports higher scores on each defined outcome. M, men; w, women; d, non-binary, diverse; n. s., no significant difference. Italic outcomes are positively connotated. Asterix* = includes cases in which non-binary sex or diverse gender reported higher scores, but were excluded in main analyses due to small group size for inference statistical comparison; for details see Table 2.