Table 3.
Correlation between percentage of female dermatologists, otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists, and urologists in each county and county-level demographic, socioeconomic, and political variables
| Spearman's correlation coefficient |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Dermatology | Otolaryngology | Ophthalmology | Urology | ||||
| Percent voting democrat in the 2016 presidential election | +0.22 | a | +0.30 | a | +0.29 | a | +0.34 | a |
| Median household income | +0.18 | a | +0.20 | a | +0.29 | a | +0.25 | a |
| County population size | +0.16 | a | +0.32 | a | +0.37 | a | +0.39 | a |
| Female:male earning ratio | +0.11 | a | +0.17 | a | +0.12 | a | +0.15 | a |
| Percent high school education or higher | +0.09 | b | +0.05 | c | +0.18 | a | +0.16 | a |
| Percent female population | +0.07 | a | +0.11 | a | +0.10 | a | +0.09 | b |
| Percent not proficient in English | +0.02 | +0.21 | a | +0.25 | a | +0.25 | a | |
| Percent population age ≤18 years | –0.03 | –0.03 | –0.01 | +0.03 | ||||
| Percent married | –0.07 | c | –0.14 | a | –0.6 | c | –0.13 | a |
| Percent non-Hispanic white race | –0.08 | c | –0.21 | a | –0.14 | a | –0.21 | a |
| Unemployment rate | –0.09 | b | +0.01 | –0.09 | b | –0.06 | c | |
| Percent of population age >65 years | –0.09 | b | –0.12 | a | –0.16 | a | –0.23 | a |
| Percent below poverty line | –0.10 | b | –0.07 | c | –0.19 | a | –0.13 | a |
| Uninsured rate | –0.11 | a | –0.05 | –0.15 | a | –0.10 | a | |
| Degree of ruralityd | –0.18 | a | –0.25 | a | –0.31 | a | –0.30 | a |
a
p < .001
b
p < .01
c
p < .05
d
Based on U.S. Department of Agriculture rural–urban continuum code for the county of the physician practice